Reconstruction of close biological relationship in Palaeolithic burials

The methodological background provided for the ascertaining close biological relationships in prehistoric populations by means of skeletons has for long been discussed. Although no generally applicable method is available for reconstructing the genetic kinship of entire prehistoric populations (cemeteries) the results of many investigations have clearly shown that for several individuals in some cases it has been possible to obtain from morphological traits of the skulls conclusive indications of closely related, if not family structures. Bonnet (1919) in the book on the Upper Palaeolithic skeletons from Oberkassel, Germany, was obviously the first, who raised the question of close biological relationships in individuals from Palaeolithic burials. He concluded that the high degree of similarities and coincidences in morphological structures, in discrete traits and metrical measurements of the skull could only be interpreted on the basis of a closely related kinship. We have analyzed some of the hominid fossils from Palaeolithic burials of entire intact corpses (Spy, Oberkassel, Predmosti, Dolni Vestonice, Sungir’), but also from the Mesolithic Hoedic. The results obtained make it possible to get a more profound comprehension of the burial practices and burial rites in Palaeolithic times.