Entwicklung der Populationen im Pleistozän Europas

In the penultimate interglacial (Holstein complex) forms existed with erectoid features (finds from Bilzingsleben, Arago and Vértesszöllös) along with those already bearing typical sapiens-like characteristics (Swanscombe and Steinheim).

In the following glacial period (Saale complex) these differences can be traced to new combinations. The skull from Petralona is characterized by erectoid (neurocranium) and typical sapiens-like features (splanchnocranium and endocranium).

The finds from Weimar-Ehringsdorf have been distinctly developed in the direction to early Homo sapiens. In the finds from Gánovce, Gibraltar and Krapina the base for the development of the Neandertal man during the last glacial can be considered.

At the beginning of the last glacial (Weichselian) only sapiens-like forms such as the classical Neandertals in West Europe, forms to transitional Neandertals and finds of modern sapiens type existed, e.g. Šala, Ochoz, Kůlna, Šipka, Subalyuk. Chronologically and morphologically, the Central European finds correspond to the types from Near East (Amud, Galilea, Skhul, Kafzeh).

Since the middle phase of the last glacial (Weichselian) only modern forms of Homo sapiens have existed : Crô-Magnon, Brno or Combe-Capelle type and Dolní Věstonice.