http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=676 Entrées d’index fr 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=689 Oolitic ironstones (OIS) are red raw materials producing a strong red pigment that are frequently encountered on LBK (Linearbandkeramic culture or Linienbandkeramische Kultur) sites from the Hesbaye (Liège province, Belgium), the Maastricht region (Limburg province, The Netherlands) and the Dendre springs area (Hainaut province, Belgium). Macroscopical, mesoscopical and microscopical investigations show a genetic relationship between all of the studied samples. The latter consist mainly of Clinton-type OIS with fine-grained hematitic ooids and a red clayey-sandy matrix, rarely enclosing carbonates within the cement or in the fossils. The observed variation inside the geological outcrops results from differences in the proportions of the detrital matrix and the carbonate content in comparison with the richness in hematitic ooids. The geochemical analyses carried out with HH-XRF and PIXE, also show strong analogies between all of the studied archaeological objects discovered in both of the studied areas. The diffractometric analysis resulted in poor information except for the mineralogical composition of the major phases. We do not observe differences between the pioneer sites and the older occupation sites. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the OIS from one village to another. A comparison of geological samples from Belgium and Germany allowed to link archaeological samples to Lower Famennian OIS of the southern border of the Namur Synclinorium. The latter spots are most probably located between the towns of Loyable and Amay, along the Meuse river valley. We may therefore conclude that the early Neolithic people looked at the same spots (in a geographic area of about three kilometers along the Meuse river axis). Moreover, they have selected their primary raw materials using the richness in iron ooids and the scarcity in quartz and calcite as main selection criteria. This study is still in progress, now taking into account other types of (non-oolitic) red rocks from LBK sites in the Hesbaye area, The Netherlands and Lorraine, in order to trace the geographical and geological provenances of the raw materials. So far, we can already suggest that the sources are local to regional for the red sandstones and of German origin for the non-oolitic hematitic ores. Fri, 29 Nov 2024 14:00:18 +0100 Fri, 29 Nov 2024 14:28:13 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=689 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=673 Oolithic Ironstone (OIS) is an ubiquitous raw material in LBK (Linearbandkeramik) and Blicquy-VSG sites of Belgium (mainly Dendre river springs, Hainaut and Hesbaye regions), but in quantitative terms its presence remains discreet. This paper raises the questions of its use in the technical and symbolic spheres, the identification of potential outcrops and of the possible insertion of this material in an exchanges network which integrates Early Neolithic sites of Hainaut, Hesbaye and Dutch Limburg, this last region offering no geologic source of hematite. After an overview of these topics, the paper is dedicated to a presentation of the analyzed objects and sampled contexts (104 objects coming from nine sites in Hesbaye and four sites in Hainaut). Most of the objects are illustrated in color figures, as well as are provided the excavation plans of the archaeological sites with mention of pits from where analyzed objects are coming from. A short discussion about the eventual “precious” character of OIS closes the contribution. It should be noted that this article is integrated in the researches led by the workgroup (see introduction to this volume) and dedicated to the comparison by macroscopic and microscopic analysis of Belgian and Norman haematites (Billard et al., 2016 : this volume), to the use and the processing of this material (Hamon et al., 2016 : this volume) and to the physico-chemical characterization of OIS of Belgium (Goemaere et al., 2016 : this volume). The latter proposes a conclusion common to both articles specific to Belgium, including this one. L’hématite oolithique (ou OIS pour Oolithic Ironstone) est un matériau ubiquiste dans les sites rubanés et Blicquy-VSG de Belgique (principalement sources de la Dendre, Hainaut et Hesbaye liégeoise), mais sa présence reste discrète en terme quantitatif. L’article pose les questions relatives à son utilisation dans les sphères techniques et symbolique, aux sources potentielles d’approvisionnement et à l’insertion éventuelle de ce matériau dans un réseau d’échanges qui inclurait les sites du Hainaut, de Hesbaye et du Limbourg néerlandais, cette région n’offrant aucune source géologique d’hématite. Après l’exposé de ces problématiques, l’article est consacré à la présentation des objets analysés et des contextes échantillonnés, soit 104 objets issus de neuf sites en Hesbaye et de quatre sites du Hainaut. La plupart des objets sont illustrés en couleur, de même que sont fournis les plans des sites permettant d’identifier les fosses d’où sont issus les objets. Une courte discussion sur le caractère précieux ou non de l’hématite clos la contribution. Il est à noter que cet article s’intègre dans l’ensemble des recherches menées par le Groupe de travail (voir l’introduction à ce volume) et consacrées à la comparaison par observations macroscopiques et microscopiques des hématites belges et normandes (Billard et al., 2016 : ce volume), à l’utilisation et la transformation de ce matériau (Hamon et al., 2016 : ce volume) et à la caractérisation physico-chimique des OIS de Belgique (Goemaere et al., 2016 : ce volume). Ce dernier propose une conclusion commune aux deux articles spécifiques à la Belgique, dont celui-ci. Fri, 29 Nov 2024 13:50:49 +0100 Fri, 29 Nov 2024 14:27:16 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=673