http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=509 Entrées d’index fr 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=1807 Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition on the territory of Eastern Europe is characterized by coexistence of Middle Paleolithic, true (or full-fledged, or authentic) Upper Paleolithic and transitional (archaic or symbiotic) UP industries. These latter industries exhibit some typological and technological rudiments of Middle Paleolithic, at the same time being quite Upper Paleolithic in other aspects. The site of Mira represents rather rare in the Ukraine instance of archaic EUP industry overlaid – that makes the case even more interesting – with full-fledged or authentic UP. Mira is located in the valley of the river Dnieper, Eastern Europe, Ukraine, next to Zaporozhiye city. The site yields two distinct Palaeolithic occupations, i.e. II/2 and I separated with likely natural burning event II/1. Essential aspects of geological and archaeological taphonomy allows to define Mira layers I and II/2 as representing good example of well-preserved living floors being remains of separate and homogeneous short term occupations. Lithologic, geomorphologic, palynologic, antrocologic, micro- and megafaunistic analyses and radiometric (AMS and conventional 14C) data unanimously correlate culture-bearing sediments with Denekamp /late Vitachiv /Bryansk interstadial of Middle Pleniglacial and put both Palaeolithic occupations between 28-27 uncal C14 ky BP. Layer II/2 yields only not numerous flint artefacts. Mira records provide wide spectrum of evidence. In particular, specific case of remote raw materials exploitation might be described for the Mira layer I assemblage. Lithic series of Mira layer I is highly variable in respect of used raw materials, both siliceous and not siliceous. This assemblage demonstrates signs of serious deformation of its initial habitus by multiple re-workings of limited number of initially available lithics. Raw materials shortage clearly impacted on intensive microlithisation of the inventory, stimulated the transformation of typo-morphological pattern, and likely promoted the independent invention of original flint implements. Proposed paper is mainly focused on characteristic of Mira layer I assemblage with special reference to the aspects of variability, exploitation and use of lithic raw materials under the terms of their shortage. La transition du Paléolithique moyen au Paléolithique supérieur en Europe de l’Est se caractérise par la coexistence d’industries du Paléolithique moyen, du Paléolithique supérieur authentique et du Paléolithique supérieur de transition (ou archaïque ou symbiotique). Ce dernier type d’industrie montre quelques rudiments typologiques et technologiques du Paléolithique moyen d’une part et quelques éléments du Paléolithique supérieur d’autre part. Le site de Mira représente un exemple plutôt rare de Paléolithique supérieur ancien archaïque en Ukraine, recouvert par le Paléolithique supérieur authentique et il est donc à ce titre un exemple intéressant. Le site de Mira se situe dans la vallée de la rivière Dniepr, près de la ville de Zaporozhiye, en Ukraine, en Europe de l’Est. Ce site présente deux occupations paléolithiques distinctes ; deux couches (II/2 et I) séparées par une couche II/I qui est caractérisée par un aspect brûlé naturel. D’après les aspects géologiques essentiels et la taphonomie archéologique nous pouvons considérer les couches I et II/2 de ce site comme de bons exemples de sols d’habitat bien conservés, ces couches nettes et homogènes témoignent de séjours très courts de l’homme préhistorique. Les analyses lithologiques, géomorphologiques, palynologiques, antracologiques, micro et macrofauniques, ainsi que les analyses radiométriques (AMS et C14 conventionnels) permettent d’attribuer les sédiments avec vestiges culturels à l’interstade de Denekamp/Vitachiv tardif/Bryansk de l’avant-dernier pléniglaciaire et de dater les deux occupations paléolithiques entre 28-27 milles ans B.P., C14 non calibré. Il n’y avait pas beaucoup d’artefacts en silex dans la couche II/2. Le site de Mira fournit beaucoup d’informations importantes. En particulier nous trouvons des matières premières d’origine lointaine dans la couche I de ce site. Dans cette couche il y a un certain nombre de types de matières premières utilisées, siliceuses et non siliceuses. Ces collections montrent des modifications importantes par rapport à la forme initiale des pièces dues à des reprises multiples de taille en raison de la pénurie de matière première. Il est probable que le manque de matière première a favorisé la microlithisation des échantillons, la transformation de la forme morphotypologique et même l’invention de nouveaux objets en silex. Cet article fait le point sur les caractéristiques de l’assemblage des objets de la couche I du site de Mira faisant particulièrement référence à sa variabilité et à l’utilisation de la matière première en relation avec sa pénurie. Mon, 06 Jan 2025 15:23:27 +0100 Mon, 06 Jan 2025 15:23:34 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=1807 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=528 The open-air Upper Paleolithic site Sungir is located near Vladimir, in the basin of Klyazma river, Russia. It was discovered in the 1956. Later excavations were conducted almost annually. The expedition under the leadership of O. Bader, N. Bader and L.A. Mihailova discovered over 4000 square meters of the site area for 24 field seasons (1957-2004). The majority of radiocarbon dates is ranged from 29,000 to 26,000 BP (34,000–30,000 BP cal.). Stone industry is characterized by an original stone assemblage with specific triangle points. Analogous industry is discovered at the sites of Streletskian culture at the Middle Done. Moreover on the Sungir site were opened two burials with remains of four people with a very rich collection of accompanying inventory. Fauna consist of large amount of reindeer, mammoth, horse and polar fox. According to distribution of the material O. Bader reconstructed the Sungir as a seasonal camp that was visited traditionally for many years by the same group of hunters. Many researchers attribute Sungir to Streletskian culture, and some scientists note in its material Aurignacian and Szeletian features. As a part of this work a general analysis of bone findings from Sungir was carried out, including technical and typological characteristics (except objects from burials). Analysis was conducted of the 171 objects, of which 94 are bone objects, 28 — antler, 49 — ivory. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:11:39 +0100 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:14:45 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=528 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=521 The general analysis of material culture of the Early Upper Paleolithic site of Sungir is complicated and hotly disputes. Personal ornaments and portable art objects – beads, pendants, zoomorphic figurines, engravings – have been the subject of study. However, in-depth study of all the giant complex (more than 15,000 items) of these objects was not provided. The first results of a new comprehensive study of personal ornaments and decorated objects allow re-evaluate the value of this material to characterize the relationship of different parts of site, as well as burials. The solution of this problem is particularly helped the identification of individual techniques of manufacture of beads certain types. New evidence of ornamental decoration on ivory objects, including all the figurines, found in the result of work with a collection from O.N. Bader excavations. Results of the study of ornament manufacturing techniques and principles of its location revealed some typical cultural characteristics Sungir. Certain influence on the technique of manufacturing certain types of Sungirian pendants had a cultural traditions Initial Upper Paleolithic of the Russian Plain (eg., Kostenki XVII/2). Aurignacian features in personal ornaments and ornament patterns are similar both in the rare materials of the Russian Plain (Kostenki I/3), and in the materials from Central and Western Europe. Using personal ornaments on the burial suits are similar to the materials of the early Gravettian of Moravia (the problem of the influence direction has not been studied). This is a complex mosaic of cultural influences in the Sungir materials provides a new look at the cultural and historical processes (including migration of people and ideas) that took place in Europe in the Early Upper Paleolithic. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:08:09 +0100 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:08:16 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=521 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=507 Nepryakhino' bifacial points look pretty archaic even for Early part of the Upper Paleolithic. Its neighborhood in the same complexes with numerically and qualitatively representative group of Middle Paleolithic tool types seems organic. Presence of quite developed types of preforms and blade cores in those layers are unexpected and especially interesting. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:03:07 +0100 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:03:14 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=507