http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3188 Numéros en texte intégral fr Fri, 21 Mar 2025 10:02:17 +0100 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 10:02:17 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3188 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3189 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 10:02:59 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3189 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3190 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 10:03:21 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3190 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3364 Mon, 31 Mar 2025 16:17:59 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3364 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3376 In this work direct evidence is presented about spirituality in the late Middle and early Upper Palaeolithic in the Balkans: engraved and perforated objects of bone and artifacts of rock crystal but also all indicators that bear witness to cultural identity of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic communities and their interrelations. Within Neanderthal communities graphic expression, aesthetic feelings and high level of technical intelligence are ascertained. Development of the Upper Palaeolithic on local foundations and social integration of local communities occurred only after 40,000 years ago, by all appearances after contact with bearers of Upper Palaeolithic cultures. This is confirmed by exchange of raw materials at larger distances and emergence of leaf-shaped points in the Bohunician and Aurignacian. It is assumed that the Upper Palaeolithic in the Balkans spread along main natural communications and was followed by withdrawal of the Middle Palaeolithic population in the isolated mountainous regions of the peninsula. There are indications that between local communities and bearers of Upper Palaeolithic cultures existed not only economic and territorial, but also social and ideological competition based on the need of communities to establish and impose their own identity. This phenomenon could have influenced the establishment of stylistically discernible Upper Palaeolithic cultures (regardless of their bearers) and indirectly also the emergence of Upper Palaeolithic art. Wed, 02 Apr 2025 09:50:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3376 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3377 Wed, 02 Apr 2025 09:53:37 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3377 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3378 This paper emphasizes time-awareness as a part of the Upper Paleolithic adaptation system. Focusing on the cases of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition and the fully Upper Paleolithic Gravettian in Moravia (Czech Republic), it investigates causal relationships between the defined temporal framework and symbolism. Standardization of items of body decoration, images and symbols, and evidence of rituals in the archaeological record of a single site (or group of related sites) is explained as the effect of time-awareness, self-identity, epic constructs, and life and death concepts. Wed, 02 Apr 2025 09:57:09 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3378 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3402 Wed, 09 Apr 2025 11:37:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3402 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3404 The paper propose an extensive approach (repertory, typology, technology, radiocarbon dates etc.) of 8 oldest pieces of adornment (pendants) dated to the Eastern Gravettian and Epigravettian from this part of Europe. The six objects attributed to the Eastern Gravettian are made in stone (3) and bone (3). The exhaustive systematic analysis of traces has allowed for the first time the restitution of "chaine opératoire" of manufacture of the bone pendant from Mitoc and the engraving sophisticated decoration of the bone pendant from Tibrinu. This last object is a unicum for this part of Europe. The two Epigravettian pendants (one simple in bone and other decorated in red-deer antler) were recuperated from the shelter Dubova - Cuina Turcului. The study contributes essentially to the definition in actual terms of typology and technology of oldest adornment from Romania as material expression of first spiritual manifestations of hunter-gatherer communities and allowed to integrate the data of the phenomenon in the European context. Wed, 09 Apr 2025 11:57:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3404 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3431 Very little was known from the Upper Paleolithic of southern Portugal until very recently. A few sites were discovered during the last decade and one of them, Vale Boi (Algarve), yields shell ornaments, bone tools and clear evidence of long distance connections between Algarve, Central Portugal and the Spanish Levant. Raw materials and ideas moving across the southern coast of Iberia seem to suggest dffirences in the cultural systems relative to Central Portugal and greater similarities with the Spanish Levant. Fri, 11 Apr 2025 14:54:37 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3431 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3434 The paper considers archaeological peculiarities in the evolution of the Gravettian and Epi-Gravettian sequences in Temnata cave, northern Bulgaria. These include the constant prey spectrum, raw material supply strategies and the associated increase in the thinness of the blades, the appearance of typical artefact forms, and a wide variety of ornaments made of ‘exotic’ raw materials. An explanatory model is proposed that considers the association of subsistence strategies with symbolic constitution of the Temnata Gravettian and Epi-Gravettian human groups and their identification practices along the line of the social and symbolic continuum : danger - prestige - social benefits. Fri, 11 Apr 2025 14:59:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3434 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3436 Découverte dans un niveau Paléolithique inférieur daté d'environ 1 million d'années, la pièce présentée ici porte des incisions sériées qui ne peuvent être interprétées que comme la plus ancienne expression symbolique découverte à ce jour. Fri, 11 Apr 2025 15:09:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3436 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3443 Fri, 11 Apr 2025 15:14:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3443 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3445 Recent approaches on ancient artifacts collections and very recent discoveries enable a detailed discussion (repertory, typology, technology, radiocarbon dates etc.) on the relative rare evidence of portable art - decorated and so-called non utilitarian objects - in the Romanian Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian and Eastern Gravettian, about 30-13 kyr BP). The artifacts were discovered in 10 open air and cave sites especially from Moldavia and Transylvania. Most of the pieces (15) are attributed to the Eastern Gravettian and 4 belong to the Aurignacian. The types identified are: spear points in bone and roe-deer antler; bâtons percés worked in wolf and horse long bones or in roe-deer antler; decorated horse metapod; lithic objects in quartzite and graphite as well as bone and antler pieces having linear engraved decoration or notches; decorated roe-deer antler harpoon; ivory mammoth tusk fragment; fossil mollusks of Congeria species. Some artifacts are of significant importance for the phenomenon of art and of prehistoric technology in these regions; in this point of view we have to mention the fragment of bone discovered in 1998 with the engraved image of an animal's foot from Piatra Neamt, Neamt County. Another exceptional artifact is the fragment of mammoth tusk from Lespezi, Bacau County, dated at around 18 kyr showing the debitage traces on the proximal part that prove the using of notching and grooving technique and probably of transverse sawing with fiber; this should be the oldest situation of use of such a technique solution in this part of Europe. Taking into account the extreme rarity of ivory artifacts in the Upper Paleolithic of Romania it is probably that the provenance of the objects can be found in the near territories of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Ukraine, Republic of Moldavia, Russia) where the manufacture and use of such artifacts was common in that epoch. The study contributes essentially to the definition in actual terms of typology and technology of oldest portable art objects from Romania as material expression of first spiritual manifestations of hunter-gatherer communities and allowed to integrate the data of the phenomenon in the South-East and Central European context. Fri, 11 Apr 2025 15:34:49 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3445 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3474 Fri, 11 Apr 2025 16:04:10 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3474 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3492 Un essai d'intégration de l'art pariétal et mobilier dans le contexte économique et climatique du peuplement paléolithique supérieur européen, a permis d'élaborer plusieurs nouvelles propositions sur l'explication des variabilités de l'art paléolithique. L'étude des bestiaires figurés conduit à les considérer comme des représentations d'une connaissance taxinomique et éthologique des zoocénoses rencontrées, sous deux formes : une connaissance locale et une connaissance distante, emportée ou rapportée à l'occasion des déplacements des chasseurs paléolithiques. Il est donc logique que les bestiaires figurés dans les grottes ornées ou dans l'art mobilier des habitats ne correspondent pas aux vestiges osseux de faune des sites d'habitat qui ne représentent que la faune locale chassée. Les zoocénoses animales possèdent en Europe occidentale une grande variabilité régionale, chronologique et climatique, qui permet de faire apparaître une correspondance, à un instant, dans une région et sous un climat donnés, entre le bestiaire représenté dans l'art paléolithique et les espèces animales des zoocénoses mémorisées par les chasseurs paléolithiques. Plusieurs modèles différents de bestiaire ont été ainsi mis en évidence. A l'Aurignacien et au Gravettien, un modèle dominant mammouth/rhinocéros/ félin/ours est présent dans la vallée du Rhône, la moitié nord de la France, de l'Europe centrale et orientale, tandis qu'en Aquitaine, un modèle dominant mammouth/cheval/bovinés/cervidés est présent. Au Solutréo-Badegoulien, un modèle unique dominant cheval/aurochs/cerf/biche/bouquetin correspond à la zoocénose de Méditerranée occidentale. Au Magdalénien moyen et supérieur, dans la zone franco-cantabrique, trois modèles cohabitent avec leurs variantes et définissent autant de territoires au Magdalénien moyen et supérieur: - un modèle A à dominante cheval/bison, avec les variantes A1 à bouquetin, A2 à mammouth/rhinocéros et A3 à renne, - un modèle B à dominante cheval/renne, avec les variantes B1 à bouquetin et B2 à mammouth/rhinocéros, - un modèle C tardif, à dominante cheval/bison-aurochs/cerf-biche. L'analyse de la variabilité spatiale du bestiaire figuré dans les grottes ornées conduit enfin à proposer l'hypothèse que la topographie de la grotte ornée représente en réduction le territoire de déplacement des chasseurs et le bestiaire qui y est figuré, une représentation de la faune vue dans ce territoire: les compositions centrales représenteraient les grands espaces ouverts de chaque zoocénose, les pourtours représenteraient les zones excentrées en latitude ou en altitude par rapport aux espaces ouverts, et les zones de fond-diverticule-passage symbolisent les grottes, fréquentées par les faunes de caverne et l'homme. Cette organisation spatiale n'est pas unique, ainsi que l'a proposé A. Leroi-Gourhan mais est multiple, fonction des modèles de bestiaires propres à chaque culture. An attempt of integration of cave and portable palaeolithic art in the economic and climatic context of Upper Palaeolithic peopling of Europe has allowed elaborating several new conclusions about the explanation of palaeolithic art variability. The study of the represented bestiary involves considering them as figures of a taxonomic and ethologic knowledge of met zoocenoses under two ways: a local knowledge and a distant knowledge, taken away or brought back during movements of palaeolithic hunters. It is then logic that the bestiary represented by cave or portable art is not equivalent to the bone finds of palaeolithic sites which are sampling only a local hunted fauna. Zoocenoses are showing in Western Europe a large regional, chronological and climatic variability, which allows seeing at a time, in a region and under a climate, a correspondence between the represented bestiary and the animal species from zoocenoses seen and memorized by palaeolithic hunters. Several different models of bestiary have then been discovered. During Aurignacian and Gravettian, a main model mammoth/rhinoceros/feline/bear is existing in the Rhone valley and the half-north of France, central and eastern Europe, while a main model mammoth/horse/bovine/cervid is existing in Aquitaine. During Solutreo-Badegoulian, a unique main model horse/aurochs/deer & doe/ibex is corresponding to the western Mediterranean area. During middle and upper Magdalenian, in the franco-cantabrian area, three models are coexisting with variants. They are defining several Magdalenian territories: - model A, based on a horse/bison dominant and variant A1 with ibex, variant A2 with mammoth/rhinoceros and variant A3 with reindeer, - model B, based on a horse/reindeer dominant, and variant B1 with ibex and B2 with mammoth/rhinoceros, - model C, based on a horse/bison/aurochs/reddeer and doe dominant. Finally, the analysis of the spatial variability of the bestiary represented in caves allows proposing the following hypothesis: the topography of a painted cave is a scale model of the territory of movements of hunters, and the represented bestiary is a sample of the fauna met by hunters. Inside the cave, the central place is the open space of each zoocenose, the periphery is the off-centred areas in latitude and altitude, and the bottom is the cave itself. Such a spatial organization is not unique, as Leroi-Gourhan said, but is multiple depending on the bestiary models of each palaeolithic culture. Wed, 16 Apr 2025 09:33:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3492 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3493 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 09:47:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3493 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3496 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 09:57:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3496 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3503 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:02:45 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3503 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3505 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:04:36 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3505 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3506 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:06:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3506 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3507 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:13:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3507 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3509 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:18:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3509 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3512 L’état actuel du problème d’analyse des sépultures paléolithiques est déterminé par : (a) les débats, en quelque sorte artificiels, sur la distinction des attributs intentionnels (anthropiques) et non-intentionnels, «naturels», dans l’organisation des inhumations du Paléolithique supérieur (Gargett 1989; Riel-Salvatore & Clark 2002; Pettitt 2002), et (b) la réévaluation de la documentation accumulée pendant plus de 100 ans d’étude, et des conclusions fondées sur cette base (Oliva 2000-2001). Puisque les normes de documentation ont beaucoup changé au cours du temps, le critère quantitatif acquiert une grande importance qui, dans une certaine mesure, pourrait compléter les lacunes de la documentation des fouilles anciennes, si des régularités étaient établies. Le but principal de cet article est d’introduire des observations importantes sur les sépultures de Kostenki, en vue de la recherche de régularités dans les rites funéraires paléolithiques. Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:26:21 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3512 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3363 Mon, 31 Mar 2025 16:13:58 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3363 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3513 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:29:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3513