http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2785 Proceedings of the first international symposium. Dmanisi, Tbilisi (Georgia), September 1998 Actes du premier symposium international. Dmanisi, Tbilisi (Géorgie), Septembre 1998. Numéros en texte intégral fr Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:48:21 +0100 Fri, 13 Mar 2026 10:43:03 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2785 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2787 Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:49:16 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2787 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2788 Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:49:40 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=2788 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3877 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:03:14 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3877 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3879 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:04:07 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3879 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3889 L'élément d'un pied humain a été reconnu parmi le matériel archéologique provenant des fouilles effectuées en 1997 à Dmanissi, au niveau de la couche IV, attribuée à la fin de l'épisode oldowayen ou au début de Matuyama post-oldowayen. Il s'agit d'un métatarsien III droit, D2O21, dont les caractéristiques anatomiques évoquent chez cet individu, vraisemblablement de sexe féminin, la présence d'une voûte osseuse plantaire longitudinale faiblement marquée, compensée par une forte musculature destinée à augmenter la voussure de l'arche transversale. Cette disposition rappelle celle observée sur les hominidés du Pléistocène inférieur africains de Koobi-Fora, Omo et Olduvai, datés entre 1,8 et 1,5 Ma. A human foot element has been identified in the archaeological materiel of the 1997 Dmanissi field season, on the level with the layer IV which is attributed to the end of the oldowayan episode or the beginning of post-oldowayen Matuyama. It is a right metatarsal bone, D2021, which anatomical features evoque that the foot of this individual, very likely female, associated a low longitudinal plantar arch with a compensatory strong muscles which allows to increase the transversal arch. This arrangement is similar to the one of the lower Pleistocene African hominids from Koobi Fora, Omo and Olduvai and dated of 1.8-1.5 My. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:05:23 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3889 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3893 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:06:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3893 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3895 Late Acheulean sites on the Northern Caucasus are found from the Black Sea coast (Mis Kadosh) in the west to Northern Ossetia (Hutor Popov 1 in the Terek River valley) in the east (fig. 1). A total of nearly 40 locations (Autlev, 1961; 1981; Golovanova, 1986; Formozov, 1965) are known here now. The majority of them are situated in the Belaya River basin. This partly reflects the fact that most field research was conducted in the area, but it may also be due to specific conditions of the Paleolithic remains taphonomy in the region. Three local groups of the Late Acheulean sites are of particular interest now. They are concentrated in a relatively small area of the Northwestern Caucasus, and include the Abadzeh and Khadjoh groups in the middle part of the Belaya River valley, and the Abin group near Krasnodar. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:07:34 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3895 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3899 Today only Treugol'naya Cave presents reliably dated evidence of human settlement on the northern slope of the Caucasus Mountains from its initial stage at the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene through the end of this period, as well as being one of the oldest sites in Europe. The cave is a small karstic cavity situated 1500 m above sea level in the Upper Kuban’ Basin, and filled with up to 4.5 m of loam and rubble. Layers containing stone artifacts are dated (ESR, pale-magnetism, pollen, and fauna) to the early through late phases of the Middle Pleistocene. The artifact assemblages are assigned to the Lower Paleolithic flake and pebble tool industries completely lacking in hand axes. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:15:29 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3899 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3904 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:16:25 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3904 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3905 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:16:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3905 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3907 The initial settlement of tool-making hominids 'out of Africa' 2.0 - 1.8 Ma. ago proceeded in an environment of climatic cooling and aridity. The spreading groups of hominids followed a similar environmental pattern which was largely defined by the tectonics: the junction of African, Arabian and Eurasian plates. In these conditions special types of landscapes have developed, which included lacustrine basins with the diversity of savannah-like grassland, open and closed woodland. These landscapes became particularly attractive for hominids. From the very beginning the subsistence of tool-making hominids was based on scavenging with the wide use of aquatic resources and plant life. These habitats provided the hominids with comparatively stable food resources, yet they did not preclude competition with other predators and scavengers. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:17:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3907 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3909 When early man entered Europe during the Lower Pleistocene, staying at the southeastern gate of the continent on the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, he had to compete successfully with the large carnivorous species, as he depended on animal food resources. The paleoecological scene of the rich predator guild and large herbivore community of the Epivillafranchian reference horizon at Untermassfeld (Germany) provide an excellent basis for developing a plausible scenario for man’s placement in European Lower Pleistocene habitats. Only with possession of a deadly weapon would man have been able to ensure himself a place in the carnivore interspecific hierarchy enabling him to enjoy nearly unlimited large mammal food resources. Without it, no niche existed. No mammalian predator species in the Upper Villafranchian and Epivillafranchian faunas has possible African roots much later than the Middle Pliocene. In contrast, there was obvious penetration of large carnivore elements from east Asia ending in the European Epivillafranchian, as well as herbivore dispersal events from the Eurasian east to the west. For man, as an integrated member of this large mammal fauna, there should not be any real doubt that his way into Europe was out of Asia, but not out of Africa. The specific mosaic morphological pattern of early man at the southeastern gate of Europe may easily be understood in terms of a common archaic ancestor population dispersed from roots in Africa and Asia not later than about 2.5 myr ago and undergoing geographically different progressive evolution before finally starting from Asia to Europe. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:17:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3909 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3911 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:18:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3911 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3912 The magnetostratigraphic and paleontologic studies carried out in the sections of Fuente Nueva and Cortes de Baza-Cúllar in the Guadix-Baza Basin (SE Spain) have enabled an accurate calibration of the early-middle Pleistocene sites of this basin and their correlation with other early Paleolithic localities in the Mediterranean area (Atapuerca, Le Vallonet, Isernia, Ubeidiya). The paleontological record (rodents) in the Cortes de Baza section indicates an age ranging from the earliest Pleistocene (latest Villanyian or early Biharian) to the late early Pleistocene (late Biharian). The whole Cortes de Baza Section is placed in a reverse magnetic interval identified as the upper part of the Matuyama chron. This datum confirms an upper Matuyama, pre-Bruhnes age for the archaeological site of Fuente Nueva 3. Also in the Guadix-Baza Basin, the section of Cúllar Baza, where the Middle Pleistocene (early Toringian) paleontologiucal and archaeological site of Cúllar-Baza 1 is placed, has been extended to the early Pleistocene (late Biharian). Thus, the locality of Cúllar-Baza B is placed in a reversed magnetozone correlated with the uppermost Matuyama, while the locality of Cúllar-Baza C is placed in a normal magnetozone correlated to the lower Bruhnes epoch. Therefore, the site of Cúllar Baza 1 falls well within the Bruhnes epoch. This result is consistent with what is found in other early-middle Pleistocene sections of Spain (Atapuerca Gran Dolina) but is in contrast with the upper Matuyama age initially given for the Paleolithic site of Isernia. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:19:03 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3912 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3921 The Pleistocene fauna of Untermassfeld (Southern Thuringia, Central Germany) comprises some 99 taxa, among them 43 mammalian species. The fauna! remains were accumulated by repeated high flood events on the lee-side of an elastic fan of interfingering fluviatile sediments. Approximately 50% of larger mammal individuals (total MNI=310) indicated from the site fell victim to floods. The survival pattern of members of the recovered species was primarily determined by their respective specific behavior and motor abilities. Most animals died between October and the end of March/early April. A Pleistocene landscape consisting of a more or less damp river valley with thicket-like bank vegetation, low growing to higher mixed forests, limestone slopes with dry meadows and poor shrub to tree vegetation, as well as park-like to open landscapes out of the valley is deduced. The fossil assemblage mainly consists of moderate and thermophile elements, which illustrate a prevailing warm and humid climate balanced by atlanto-mediterranean influence. The summers with more than 60 days of air temperature above 25° C were warmer than recorded in the area today. Mainly during autumn and winter, extensive rainfalls led to repeated flood events. The mild winters were characterized by minimum temperatures of only a few degrees below 0° C. Combined lithostratigraphic, paleomagnetic and paleozoologic data make it more likely that the deposition of the fossiliferous sands of Untermassfeld can be assigned to the onset of the Jaramillo event (late Early Pleistocene ), rather than to the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary. Wed, 28 May 2025 10:21:27 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3921 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3923 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:21:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3923 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3924 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:22:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3924 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3926 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:23:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3926 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3928 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:23:36 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3928 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3930 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:24:08 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3930 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3934 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:24:31 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3934 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3936 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:24:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3936 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3938 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:25:19 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3938 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3941 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:25:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3941 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3946 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:26:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3946 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3947 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:26:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3947 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3950 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:27:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3950 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3951 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:28:11 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3951 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3875 Wed, 28 May 2025 10:02:44 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=3875