http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=156 Numéros en texte intégral fr Mon, 18 Nov 2024 10:16:55 +0100 Mon, 18 Nov 2024 10:35:57 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=156 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=159 Mon, 18 Nov 2024 10:17:25 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=159 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=481 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 12:38:56 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=481 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=485 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 12:41:39 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=485 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=486 Le Sungir-Streleckien est la plus ancienne culture du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe orientale. Les sites se trouvent dans la partie supérieure d’un sol et sont le plus souvent perturbés par la solifluxion et la cryoturbation. Les structures d’occupation ne sont conservées qu’à Garči I. Dans la région de Kostenki, ce sol correspond à la zone de l’humus inférieur et est surmonté par les cendres d’une éruption volcanique à ignimbrite dans la région campanienne de Naples datant d’environ 39 000 ans (37 000 av. J-C). Beaucoup de dates 14C pour les gisements situés sous ces cendres sont trop récentes. C’est vraisemblablement le cas également pour les dates 14C des sites des autres régions qui sont dépourvus de l’horizon-repère des cendres du volcan campanien. À Kostenki 1 (Poljakov) et Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora), l’Aurignacien se situe nettement au-dessus du Sungir-Streleckien. La technologie et la typologie des outils lithiques montrent des relations nettes avec la phase récente du Paléolithique moyen de la région. C’est le cas des nucléus à éclats, des pointes foliacées, et des Keilmesser (couteaux à dos bifaciaux) incluant les couteaux de Volgograd à Kostenki 1-V (Poliakov) et Kostenki 14-Ivb (Markina Gora), ainsi que des racloirs simples. Les pointes triangulaires de Sungir à retouches plates bifaciales, marqueurs chrono-culturels du faciès Sungir-Strelecka, s’enracinent aussi dans le Paléolithique moyen. Les éléments du Paléolithique supérieur sont des nucléus à lames, des lames à crête, des burins qui sont vraisemblablement des nucléus à lamelles, et des grattoirs courts. Les objets en os, en bois animal et en ivoire proviennent seulement de Kostenki 14-IVb (Markina Gora) et surtout de Sungir. Les lances et armatures en ivoire et les autres objets en ivoire des tombes de Sungir sont uniques. Il en va de même pour les quelque 15 000 perles en ivoire, qui ornaient initialement des vêtements. Des galets de schiste percés, qui étaient peut-être peints à l’origine, ont été trouvés à Sungir. L’importance de ces galets réside dans le fait que chacun d’eux se trouvait dans les tombes de l’homme et des deux enfants. La représentation d’une tête humaine en ivoire provient de Kostenki 14-Ivb. En outre il y a à Sungir quatre statuettes d’animaux en ivoire, avec des contours assez peu précis, qui pourraient préfigurer les statuettes aurignaciennes souabes. The Sungir‘-Streleckian represents the earliest Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Europe. The finds come from the upper part of a humus level and are mostly reworked by solifluction and cryoturbation. Settlement structures are known only from Garči I. In the Kostenki region the finds are from the Lower Humus which is overlain by ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite volcanic eruption in the Naples region about 39 000 years ago (37 000 BC). The 14C-dates for the sites below these volcanic ashes are often too young. This will be also the case for the 14C-dates of the sites in other regions without the volcanic marker horizon. At Kostenki 1 (Poljakov) and Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora) the Aurignacian is placed above the Sungir’-Streleckian. The working-technique and the typology of the stone artifacts are closely related to the Late Middle Palaeolithic of this region. This applies to flake cores, leaf points and Keilmesser (bifacially shaped knives) including Volgograd knives from Kostenki 1-V (Poljakov) and Kostenki 14-IVb (Markina Gora), and side scrapers. The triangular, bifacially worked Sungir’ points, a Leitform of the Sungir’-Streleckian, also have Middle Palaeolithic roots. Upper Palaeolithic elements are blade cores and crested blades, bladelet cores often in burin-technique, and short end scrapers. This Typenspektrum is very uniform, almost monotonous. Artifacts of bone, antler, and ivory are only preserved at Kostenki 14-IVb (Markina Gora) and Sungir’. The ivory lances and spears and other ivory items from the Sungir’ burials are unique. This is also the case with the approximately 15 000 ivory beads from Sungir’ which originally ornamented the clothing. Perforated slate-pebbles from Sungir’ were perhaps originally painted. Their importance is underlined by the presence of one such perforated pebble in the man’s and each of the two children graves. From Kostenki 14-IVb (Markina Gora) comes a representation of a human head made of ivory. Four ivory animal figurines with wavy outlines from Sungir’ could be the precursors of the ivory figurines of the Swabian Aurignacian. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 12:55:09 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=486 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=488 The first time when one of the northernmost Upper Paleolithic sites in the East European plain was presented to the readers was in 1959. Since that time there have been many archaeological and anthropological studies. The recent years have also seen some genetic research of this small Upper Paleolithic population. Moreover, there are many articles and even books about taxonomic position of the Sungir people, their adaptation to northern conditions, life support and cultural development. This article represents a complete review of literature with description of interpretations and opinions of various scholars. As a result, we make a conclusion that the Sungir people belonged to the Homo sapiens taxon, were well-adapted to northern conditions and had complex funeral rites (since the children buried in the double grave were most probably relatives). Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:00:02 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=488 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=507 Nepryakhino' bifacial points look pretty archaic even for Early part of the Upper Paleolithic. Its neighborhood in the same complexes with numerically and qualitatively representative group of Middle Paleolithic tool types seems organic. Presence of quite developed types of preforms and blade cores in those layers are unexpected and especially interesting. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:03:07 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=507 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=521 The general analysis of material culture of the Early Upper Paleolithic site of Sungir is complicated and hotly disputes. Personal ornaments and portable art objects – beads, pendants, zoomorphic figurines, engravings – have been the subject of study. However, in-depth study of all the giant complex (more than 15,000 items) of these objects was not provided. The first results of a new comprehensive study of personal ornaments and decorated objects allow re-evaluate the value of this material to characterize the relationship of different parts of site, as well as burials. The solution of this problem is particularly helped the identification of individual techniques of manufacture of beads certain types. New evidence of ornamental decoration on ivory objects, including all the figurines, found in the result of work with a collection from O.N. Bader excavations. Results of the study of ornament manufacturing techniques and principles of its location revealed some typical cultural characteristics Sungir. Certain influence on the technique of manufacturing certain types of Sungirian pendants had a cultural traditions Initial Upper Paleolithic of the Russian Plain (eg., Kostenki XVII/2). Aurignacian features in personal ornaments and ornament patterns are similar both in the rare materials of the Russian Plain (Kostenki I/3), and in the materials from Central and Western Europe. Using personal ornaments on the burial suits are similar to the materials of the early Gravettian of Moravia (the problem of the influence direction has not been studied). This is a complex mosaic of cultural influences in the Sungir materials provides a new look at the cultural and historical processes (including migration of people and ideas) that took place in Europe in the Early Upper Paleolithic. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:08:09 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=521 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=528 The open-air Upper Paleolithic site Sungir is located near Vladimir, in the basin of Klyazma river, Russia. It was discovered in the 1956. Later excavations were conducted almost annually. The expedition under the leadership of O. Bader, N. Bader and L.A. Mihailova discovered over 4000 square meters of the site area for 24 field seasons (1957-2004). The majority of radiocarbon dates is ranged from 29,000 to 26,000 BP (34,000–30,000 BP cal.). Stone industry is characterized by an original stone assemblage with specific triangle points. Analogous industry is discovered at the sites of Streletskian culture at the Middle Done. Moreover on the Sungir site were opened two burials with remains of four people with a very rich collection of accompanying inventory. Fauna consist of large amount of reindeer, mammoth, horse and polar fox. According to distribution of the material O. Bader reconstructed the Sungir as a seasonal camp that was visited traditionally for many years by the same group of hunters. Many researchers attribute Sungir to Streletskian culture, and some scientists note in its material Aurignacian and Szeletian features. As a part of this work a general analysis of bone findings from Sungir was carried out, including technical and typological characteristics (except objects from burials). Analysis was conducted of the 171 objects, of which 94 are bone objects, 28 — antler, 49 — ivory. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:11:39 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=528 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=533 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:17:02 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=533 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=539 Les sépultures de Sungir révèlent la complexité des rites funéraires pratiqués dans ce site d’habitat de plein air d’Europe orientale. Les essais de reconstitution de la décoration corporelle et de leur langage de représentation sur le corps humain et sur les objets associés dans les sépultures permettent d’apporter un éclairage précis sur le développement du système socio culturel des groupes Sungiriens au Paléolithique supérieur ancien. L’analyse comparative des sépultures et des objets d’accompagnement ainsi que le contexte archéologique du site d’habitat conduit à la conclusion que la richesse exceptionnelle de la sépulture de deux adolescents avec tous les types d’objets utilitaires et symboliques traduit la représentation d’un code socio-symbolique d’un groupe de chasseurs de Sungir. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:19:32 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=539 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=545 The article deals with the problem of cultural attribution of the Sungir site. The investigation based on the classification and typology of stone tools. It confirmed the presence of the Aurignacian types in Sungirian toolkit. The same trait is seen in Final Szeletian sites both in Central and Eastern Europe. The conclusion is that of Sungir and Streletskian in general are the regional manifestation of the final Szeletian in Eastern Europe. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:21:32 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=545 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=550 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:22:57 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=550 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=552 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:24:36 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=552 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=554 Kostenki 1 is one of the many sites of the Kostenki-Borshchevo site cluster south of Voronezh, which has a long sequence covering the Early and Mid Upper Palaeolithic, including the Streletskian Cultural Layer V. Here we present stratigraphic data from our 1994 fieldwork (sections of the 1981-1982 excavations) and radiocarbon dates for the CL IV and V. For dating we used our crossdating approach on high quality conifer charcoal with ABA and ABOx-SC pre-treatment on sub-samples of the same charcoal sample. Our results show that the Streletskian CL V dates to ~42,500 14C uncal BP and is significantly older than previously thought. Kostienki 1 figure parmi les principaux sites du domaine archéologique Kostienki-Borshchevo au sud de Voronesh. Celui-ci présente une longue séquence couvrant le Paléolitique supérieur ancien et moyen laquelle comprend la Couche Culturelle V rapportée au Streletskien. Nous présentons ici les données stratigraphiques de Kostienki 1 acquises au cours de la campagne de 1994 (avec les profils mis au jour au cours des fouilles de 1981-1982) ainsi que les dates radiocarbone pour les couches culturelles CL IV et CL V. Une approche en cross-dating ABA et ABOx-SC a été mise en oeuvre sur des sous-échantillons de charbons de bois de conifère de haute qualité. Les résultats livrent des dates 14C autour de 42.500 uncal BP pour le Streletskien de la couche culturelle CL V, lequel apparaît nettement plus ancien que l'âge attendu. Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:32:39 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=554 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=557 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 13:34:44 +0100 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/3041-5527/index.php?id=557