https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=480 Entrées d’index fr 0 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=2561 The management of natural ressources includes multiple topics like quality of ecosystems, using and carring capacity in space and time. Local managment is in our case made for the global interest of the whole population. It translates the Human capacity and the accessibility of Nature for all. The market logic is well present on the Hight Moor. There are also a multiple social demands. Our goals are : to ensure the survival of this natural and wild population of birds, to create transitional areas between openfield, bushes and forest, to make a inventory and assure quiet sites for feeding and nesting to delimit planned areas, to control the natural reserve. The Black Grouse has specific needs. He likes transitional habitats and a mosaic of environments. He takes advantage of this habitat depending on the seasons and according to a daily cycle. A list of management actions has been elaborated. All those actions are made to favour the Black Grouse in a preserved ecosystem. The first principle is to maintain the openfield, the second is to regenerate clump of Calluna and Vaccinium, the third to provide quietness all the year long. The Department of Nature and Forest works hands to hands with scientists and foresters. A management programm of soils and vegetation is elaborated for the benefit of Black Grouse and associated species. A convention has been elaborated between the concerned offices. Das Management leitet verschiedene Gedanken ein: die Qualität der Ökosysteme, des Brauchtums und der Berücksichtigung des Raums und der Zeit. Das örtliche Management hat es auf das allgemeine Interesse abgesehen. Es beschäftigt sich mit der Zugänglichkeit zur Natur für jeden. Die Verkaufslogik ist vorhanden und es bestehen zahlreiche soziale Erwartungen. Unsere Ziel sind : Das Überleben einer näturlichen und wilden Population zu garantieren ; Übergangsstadien zu schaffen zwischen den offenen Flächen (Torfheiden und Trockenheiden menschlichen Ursprungs) und der bewaldeten und geschlossenen Flächen ; Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Ernährungs- und Nestbaugebiete erstellen, diese Gebiete begrenzen und deren absolute Ruhe versichern ; Zonen bestimmen, die einer Pflege bedürfen. Das Birkhuhn ist eine spezifische und anspruchsvolle Art. Es sucht einen Übergangswohnort, Heiden mit hellen Birkenwäldern, Weiden und Vogelbeerbäume. Es nutzt seinen Siedlungsraum in Zusammenhang mit den Jahreszeiten und gemäß eines Tageszyklus. Eine Liste verschiedener Eingriffe wurde erstellt. All diese Vorgänge haben zum Ziel das Birkhuhn zu begünstigen und das Ökosystem beizubehalten. Die Hauptvoraussetzung ist die Öffnung der Landschaft, die zweite Voraussetzung ist die Regenerierung der Heiden und Beerensträucher. Die Grundvoraussetzung der Ruhe muß besonders während der Fortpflanzungszeit und im Winter gewährleistet werden. Die Forstverwaltung wünscht eine wirksame Zusammenarbeit und die Entwicklung einer Managementplanung spezifisch auf den Birkwald orientiert. La gestion introduit de multiples notions : celles de la qualité des écosystèmes, de l'usage et de la prise en charge dans l'espace et le temps. La gestion locale se veut pour l'intérêt général. Elle traduit la capacité créatrice de l'Homme et le souci de l'accessibilité à la Nature pour tous. La logique marchande est bien présente sur le haut plateau fagnard et il existe une multitude d'attentes sociales. Dès lors, le gestionnaire devient le pilote de la qualité du vivant. Nos objectifs sont : 1.- d'assurer la survie d'une population naturelle et sauvage ; 2.- de créer des stades de transitions entre les milieux ouverts (landes tourbeuses et landes sèches d'origine humaine) et les milieux boisés et fermés ; 3.- d'inventorier, de délimiter, d'assurer la tranquillité absolue des zones d'alimentation et de nidification ; 4.- de déterminer des zones à aménager ; 5.- d'assurer une surveillance plus efficace de la Réserve. Le tétras lyre est une espèce exigeante. Il recherche un habitat de transition, des landes aux bosquets clairs de bouleaux, saules et sorbiers, une mosaïque de milieux. Il exploite son habitat en fonction des saisons et selon un cycle journalier entre arènes de parade et zones de quiétude ou de nourrissage. Une liste des interventions est dressée. Toutes ces opérations ont pour but de favoriser le tétras en conservant l'écosystème local. A l'application de mesures ponctuelles, adaptées, l'ouverture du milieu reste le principe de base. Le fauchage des arènes et la régénération des massifs de bruyères et de myrtilles est le second principe. Enfin, le principe du respect de la quiétude tout au long de l'année, surtout en période de reproduction et en hiver, doit être poursuivi. La DNF souhaite poursuivre une collaboration efficace entre les spécialistes et ses agents et développer un programme de gestion de terroirs basé sur un plan de gestion tenant compte des besoins spécifiques du tétras lyre et incluant des actions expérimentales. Une convention a été élaborée en ce sens avec les Services concernés. Mon, 08 Apr 2024 14:56:05 +0200 Mon, 08 Apr 2024 14:56:14 +0200 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=2561 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=472 The Capercaillie has disappeared from the Belgian Ardennes at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Several reintroductions in Germany near the border in the late eighteenth and the early twentieth century have allowed some birds to reestablish small local populations which survived until 1933. The question arose as to the opportunity of a reintroduction in the Hautes Fagnes-Eifel Natural park. This problem is examined against the discussions conducted in Colmar in 1981 by two dozen specialists from France, Central and Northern Europe. The Capercaillie populations are on the decline in most parts of their european range since world war the second, and are near to become extinct in numerous traditional sites in Western and Central Europe, mainly in France, Germany and Bohemia. Factors affecting the population level are diseases, too high game-ungulates densities, atmospheric pollution (sharp rains), disturbance through touristic invasion, but all authors agree that the root of the problem is the development of modern sylviculture implying densification of the forest-roads network, spreading of phyto-sanitary products, and overall splitting and destruction of the habitat. This very sedentary bird needs indeed all its vital recquirements on a small area in mixed heterogenous forests with open wetter spaces for displaying and courting on the lek, dense shrub layer and plenty of preferred plants as food - blueberry shrub especially -, big old trees as roosting sites. Small population isolates disappear here and there. Numerous reintroduction programms have been conducted in the past 150 years. Very few succeeded, as in Scotland; most failed ! A special interest is granted to a raising experiment in progress in order to reintroduce the species in the Massif central in France, from where it disappeared two centuries ago; the young birds are released as soon as they have completed their post-juvenile moult, in a good heterogenous regenerated and planted forest; good attention is paid to the ontogeny of the behaviour and the adaptiveness of the birds to their new habitat. The aim is to produce enough birds to allow the building up of at least one reproductive social unit. Nevertheless, if the species is to be saved in those places from where it has not yet vanished, its vital habitat recquirements should be taken into consideration; plantations should be undertaken for long period through natural regeneration with small changes with time in natural ecological successions; clearings, borders should be multiplicated and diversity enhanced. Some experiments are in progress in Sweden, Switzerland and Black Forest of Germany, in order to achieve a compromise between conservation and economic recquirements. In France, forest management recommandations have been formulated by the national forestry service, since foresters are responsible for the structure and quality of the habitat: plant composition of the differents layers, importance of the clear-cuttings, length of the forest exploitation cycles. From all these considerations and experiments, it seems clear that conditions for a successful reintroduction of capercaillie in the Hautes-Fagnes are not prevailing at the present time. We need first to controll the public invasion and to improve the habitat suitability. But contacts with consultants and follow up of the Cevennes programme should be wellcommed. Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:06:31 +0100 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:13:48 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=472