https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=253 Numéros en texte intégral fr Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:42:18 +0100 Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:42:18 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=253 0 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=673 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 16:59:23 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=673 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1175 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:19:10 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1175 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1176 Des observations effectuées au Parc National de la Pendjari en République du Bénin permettent de préciser le statut du damalisque, antilope qui y fut longtemps considérée comme menacée de disparition. Estimés à 170 têtes en 1985, les effectifs sont passés en 1989-90 à plus de 300 têtes. Les deux types d'organisation sociale : mâle et harem sur territoire durable et arène de parade, classiques en Afrique de l'Est ont été observés. Les activités journalières de saison sèche comprennent 12 % de déplacement, 34 % de collecte de nourriture, 12 % de repos et rumination diurne, 42 % de repos et rumination nocturne. En saison sèche, les petits groupes fusionnent et forment des troupeaux pouvant dépasser 120 têtes, qui gagnent vers le Nord des aires de repousse après passage des feux, ou se concentrent autour des rares mares résiduelles. Ces déplacements peuvent atteindre 100 km. In the mid-eighties, the topi was regarded as an endangered antelope in the Pendjari National Park, in the Northern Republic of Benin, West-Africa. Estimated at 170 individuals at that rime, the population has grown up to 300 individuals in 1989-91. Thanks to research activities, poaching as a whole had declined and topi antelope moreover benefited 1n being regarded as a sacred animal. This density allowed to witness the two classical social systems known from East-Africa : large and long lasting territories associated with harems in mixed habitats versus small temporary territories grouped in leks on the plains. During the dry season, when topis are more observable, the daily activity is shared between 12 % in locomotion, 34 % in food collecting, 12 % in diurnal rest and rumination, and 42 % in nocturn al rest and rumination. As the dry season becomes harder, topis move northward, and scattered small groups join in larger aggregates and eventually reach, some 100 km ahead alongside the banks of the river Pendjari, burnt areas and residual pools where a flock of more than 120 individuals was seen in april-mai 1990. Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:19:53 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1176 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1178 Initiated in the late fifties by the Grzimeks, the biological exploration of the Serengeti really started with decisions taken at the Arusha Conference in 1960. Isolated initiatives soon fused in a coordinated program under the heading of the International Serengeti Research Institute ; a field station was created at Seronera and was at work in I 968. It benefited financial support from a lot of national and international organizations and scientific coorporation from outside universities. For two decades, research at Seronera was an outstanding example of a collective effort, resulting in a mass of data on the ecology, behaviour, social structure, and populations of wildlife, along with a long term ecological monitoring program on climate and vegetation fluctuations. Goals, methods and results have been presented by Sinclair and Northon-Griffiths in their 1979 book, which is analyzed here. These data clarified relations between the main components of the ecosystem and allowed predictions on the future of herbivore populations and forest caver. The most prevalent conclusion is that such an ecosystem is constantly moving from a stale of equilibrium towards another, so that management decisions - culling of elephants or predators - should be regarded as arbitrary perturbations preventing the ecosystems to reach the desirable equilibrium compatible with conditions prevailing at the moment. In fact, unraveling an ecosystem needs researches covering lime and space scales largely outside our own life-span and perceptions. Meanwhile, the monitoring program came to an end in 1978 by lack of funding following the first petroleum crisis; researchers emigrated or went back home and authorities became more suspicious. It might have been the end of the story. Fortunately, some researches were reinitiated during the eighties ; not enough to bridge with the previous ones and to maintain the continuity of the effort, but enough to restore some hope; their story is still to be done. Our present priority is to try to understand the reasons of the lost of confidence between researchers and authorities which broke out at a Lime when the Seronera program was still at full work. In fact, their priorities were quite different : pure research against coverage of immediate needs. The main challenge for the community of conversationalists is therefore to imagine a new style of cooperation integrating national pride, coverage of costs, meddling and control rights, training, guaranties for continuity, and development. Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:20:28 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1178 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1206 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:35:06 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1206 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1207 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:35:52 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1207 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1208 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:36:34 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1208 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1211 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:37:03 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1211 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1213 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:37:34 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1213 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1216 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:38:31 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1216