https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=251 Numéros en texte intégral fr Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:39:30 +0100 Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:39:30 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=251 0 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=671 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 16:57:16 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=671 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1138 Une importance croissante est aujourd'hui attribuée à des moyens capables d'enrichir les conditions de vie des primates non humains en captivité, ceci dans le but d'assurer le bien-être psychologique des animaux. La définition du terme "bien-être psychologique" soulève de nombreux problèmes, mais l'étude des réponses comportementales à des changements de l'environnement peut fournir des données sur le bien-être éthologique. Ainsi, l'apport d'une litière telle que des copeaux de bois est souvent utilisé afin d'induire le comportement important de "fourrager". De même, l'introduction de divers objets inanimés permettrait de stimuler l'exploration et la manipulation. Les effets comportementaux de ces deux méthodes ont été comparés au sein d' un groupe de singes capucins (Cebus apella) ainsi que chez un groupe de makis noirs (Lemur macaco). Certaines différences importantes sont révélées. Le déplacement est beaucoup plus fréquent chez les lémuriens lorsque de la nourriture est parsemée sur la litière, mais seuls les capucins montrent une activité de recherche alimentaire dans les copeaux. Les deux espèces, mais plus particulièrement les singes capucins, manipulent les objets introduits dans les cages. La durée des contacts sociaux est modifiée uniquement chez les lémuriens, dans le sens d'une baisse en présence de la litière. Les résultats montrent que deux techniques d'enrichissement largement utilisées peuvent induire des changements comportementaux différents se lon l'espèce. Les préférences et les tendances naturelles des espèces doivent être prises en considération avant de prendre des décisions quant aux choix des méthodes d'enrichissement. Increasing importance is being given to ways of enriching the environment of captive non-human primates, in order to promote their psychological well-being. There are many problems in attempting to define psychological well-being, but studies of behavioural responses to environmental changes can provide data on the ethological well-being of captive animals. Two environmental enrichment techniques are the use of a deep litter such as woodchips to encourage time-consuming foraging activities, and the provision of inanimate objects to induce exploration and manipulation. The behavioural effects of these two techniques were compared in a group of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and a group of black lemurs (Lemur macaco). Several important differences emerged. Locomotion almost doubled in the lemurs when small food items were added to the litter, but only the capuchins engaged in foraging activities to any extent. Both species, but especially the capuchin monkeys, manipulated the objects that were presented. Social contact remained unchanged in the capuchins, but decreased in the lemurs in the presence of the deep litter. The results show that two commonly used enrichment techniques may induce different behavioural changes in different species. Species-specific propensities and preferences need to be taken into account when deciding upon which enrichment methods to implement. Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:26:11 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1138 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1141 Des récoltes de moquettes de chevreuil ont été réalisées en deux points de l'Ardenne : dans le massif forestier de Hotton (hêtraie-chênaie) d'une part, et en Hautes Fagnes (zone de tourbières environnées d'épicéas) d'autre part. Les échantillons ont été homogénéisés et éclaircis par passage dans la liqueur de Sharrer-Kurschner avant examen microscopique. Plus de 13000 fragments épidermiques végétaux ont été identifiés par comparaison avec une collection de référence. Dans les deux zones, la principale nourriture du chevreuil est constituée par des plantes ligneuses ou semi-ligneuses : callune et myrtilles en Hautes Fagnes, ronces et framboisiers à Hotton. A Hotton, l'indice de diversité du régime est maximum en été et passe par un minimum en février. Le régime hivernal est en effet presque monophage : largement dominé par les ronces, il ne comprend de la callune et des myrtilles qu'en faibles quantités. Au printemps, tant en Fagnes qu'à Hotton, le chevreuil varie sa nourriture par des graminées et en été, il consomme de nombreuses feuilles d'arbres: chêne et sorbier. Bien que certaines espèces d'arbres (plantules de hêtre et d'épicéa) soient abondantes sur les deux terrains d'étude, leur consommation est pratiquement nulle. Le chevreuil doit donc être considéré comme un brouteur sélectif préférant des aliments de haute qualité nutritive. In Belgium, information related to the deer food are quite uncommon and, as far as the roe deer is concerned, restricted to the hunting season (autumn). Our study was conducted in two areas of Southern Belgium. The first, in Hotton (50°15 N, 5°27 E) is a mixed oak-beech forest with an important cover of brambles. Faeces samples were collected monthly from october 1987 to september 1988. The second area, inside the Nature reserve of "Les Hautes Fagnes" (50°30 N, 6°06 E ; 600 m) is an old peat-bog (Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia coerulea, Vaccinium myrtillus and V. uliginosum) surrounded by spruce plantations. Sampling took place there only in April and in June 1989. Faeces were boiled and filtered before digestion in the Scharrer-Kurschner mixture for 30 min. Then samples were sieved under water and a small amount taken and mounted on a slide for microscopic observation. More than 13000 small vegetal pieces were identified to the species by comparison between the observed epidermal features and a reference collection of plant epidermis. Woody plants are the main food of the Roe deer in both areas : in the Hautes Fagnes, heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bilberry (Vaccinium) are the main food items whereas in Hotton, brambles are the most important part of the diet in each season. In Hotton, we found that the diet was much more diversified during the green season than in the winter. The winter diet comprises mainly brambles but also heather and Vaccinium myrtillus in low quantities. Spruce needles are present only at the end of the winter. In the spring, grasses were taken but their contribution to the food of the deer was never important. During the summer, the Roe deer ate more tree leaves (Quercus robur and Sorbus aucuparia). In the Hautes Fagnes, grasses were important only in the spring diet and tree leaves (Sorbus) in the summer. Some tree species were very common in both study areas (beech and spruce saplings) but nearly not eaten. The Roe deer can thus be considered as a selective feeder preferring high quality foods (spring grasses or young leaves) to bulky one (old grasses or hard leaves). Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:28:14 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1141 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1143 During the spring 1988, spraint samples were collected on the banks of 3 watercourses (one river and two canals) crossing the Marais Poitevin. Their general characteristics (flow rate, conductivity, hydrographie regime) are quite different. The fish community of the two canals was sampled by electrofishing and we estimated the relative abundance of the different fish species. After a check of the reliability of our spraint analysis technique (feeding trials with captive otters), we made an estimate of the relative abundance of the prey items in the otters diet and an assessment of the length and of the weight of each individual fish preyed upon. They are indeed very strong length-weight correlations in fish and also close relationships between the length of some skull bones and the total length of a fish. The diet is mostly made up by the eel. It comprises also a great variety of other fish species, nearly al! that were observed in the habitat. Much frogs, some snakes, birds, mammals, insects and crustaceans were also discovered They are only slight diet differences between the main watercourses which probably are related to the characteristics of their fish fauna (e.g. much more sticklebacks when waters are becoming brackish; big amount of Atherina in salt marshes). No marked variations were found during a normal summer but fish is obviously less eaten during a severe drought. Comparing the length frequency-distributions of fish in the diet and in the habitat, we found no selective predation in respect with fish (eel, cyprinids) size. From that point of view, the otter display a generalistic-opportunistic pattern of foraging. As far as the relative abundance of the various species is considered, otters take much less roaches and much more eels or tenches than present in the habitat. It remains to be seen if that is the consequence of a "deliberate choice" or of a peculiar way of underwater hunting. A fact is that the otter principally eats bottom living fishes. Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:28:58 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1143 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1146 Les lynx réintroduits sur le massif vosgien développent un mode d'occupation par taches du domaine vital. Ce mode d'occupation de l'espace est-il influencé par l'abondance et la répartition spatiale de leur proie principale, le chevreuil ? L'analyse de la répartition du chevreuil sera donc l'objet du premier volet de l'article. Près de 830 observations de chevreuils, recueillies pendant 4 printemps et 3 étés, ont été mises en relation avec les caractéristiques de l'habitat. Pour ce faire, environ 170 parcelles forestières ont été décrites à l'aide d 'une trentaine de facteurs : types forestiers; essences forestières et leurs taux de recouvrement; composition et taux de recouvrement du sous-étage et de la strate herbacée; facteurs physiographiques, etc. Il ressort de huit analyses discriminantes différentes que la répartition du chevreuil, en milieu de moyenne montagne, semble surtout influencée par l' altitude et la proportion de résineux . Le taux de recouvrement des essences forestières ainsi que la présence de feuillus dans le sous-étage, bien que moins déterminants, ne sont pas à négliger. Enfin, il apparaît que la présence du cerf est susceptible d ' influencer l'occupation del 'espace par les chevreuils. Since 1983, 12 lynxes were reintroduced in the forests of Eastern France (massif des Vosges). They use their habitat in a patchy way. In this paper, the authors deal with the ecological distribution of their main prey, the roe deer. It is to see to what extent the prey distribution can influence the predator habits. Roe deer observations were made during 4 consecutive springs and 3 consecutive summers and related with the environmental characteristics of the forest plots : physiographical factors, vegetation type, vegetation structure, relative cover of vegetation layer, … Eight discriminant analysis were performed. They suggest that in our study area, the roe deer spatial distribution is mainly influenced by the altitude and the non deciduous tree cover. Other factors of less importance are the global tree cover and the understory (scrub layer). Moreover it seems that the presence of red deer can also influence the roe deer habitat utilization. Die wiederheimisch gemachten Luchs in den Vogesen entwickeln eine Ausbrechungsweise entsprechend dem Lebensraum. 1st diese Art der gebietsanspruch nahme beeinfluBt durch den Reichtum und die Verbreitung ihrer wichtigsten Beute d.h. des Rehs? Die Unterzuchung der Verbreitung des Rehs wird demnach der gegenstand des ersten Punktes des Artikels sein. Knapp 830 Rehbeobachtungen wurden wahrend vier Frühlinge und drei Sommer ausgeführt. Um dies zu erreichen wurden umgeführ 170 Waldparzellen unter Bezugnahme auf 30 Faktoren beschrieben: Waldort, Struktur, Natur und Uberdeckungsdichte der verschiedener Schichten, physiographische Faktoren … Bei 8 verschiedenen U nterscheidungsanalysen wird festgestellt, daB die verbreitung des Rehs in der Umgebung des Mitte\gebirges vor allem durch die Hohe und die Proportion des Harzes zu sein scheint. Die Uberdeckungsdichte der Baumschicht, das Vorhandensein der belaubung in den Unterschichten sind, obgleich weniger bestimmend nicht zu vernachlassigen. Halten wir fest, daß keiner dieser Faktoren für sich allein gewonnen, die Verbreitung der untersuchten Population erklaren kann. SchlieB!ich scheint es, daß die Mitbeheimatung des Hirsches geeignet ist die Ausbreitung des Rehs zu beeinflussen. Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:36:28 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1146 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1148 The Eurasian badger Meles meles (L.) has been hunted by man since earliest times. The badger currently occupies a range that covers much of Europe west of the Soviet border and is hunted extensively, often in defiance of protective legislation. This study documents the hunting of the species throughout the region, as well as the various national legislations with respect to the hunting and conservation of badgers. Much hunting of the species is sports based (either directly, as in pursuit sports, or indirectly to control interference with other game) and often rationalised as an exercise in pest control or game management. There is little scientific justification, however, for the adoption of such stances with respect to badgers. There is still some ethnic use of badger products in parts of Eastern Europe where the species remains a valued source of meat, furs, bristle and fat. Currently there are probably about 1,500,000 badgers living in Europe west of the Soviet border, however, 50 % of these inhabit the UK, Ireland and Fennoscandia. Of the remainder, many of the populations in continental Europe are currently in recovery from the rabies epizootic. At present the national populations of both Albania and Lithuania are known to be decreasing, whilst a number of other populations remain a cause for some concern. Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:54:30 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1148 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1151 Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:55:04 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1151 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1165 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 09:59:11 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1165 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1166 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:10:10 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1166 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1168 This video-film overviews the different steps of the restoration of the barbel (Barbus barbus) in the Belgian Meuse River basin. Geographical distribution and population status (normal, in regression and disappeared) are studied by means of electrofishing. To complete observations in rivers, experimental studies on the reproductive behaviour of the barbel are undertaken in aquarium. Artificial reproduction and mass rearing of fry and fingerlings are developed for restocking purposes. New research aspects are also described a.i. genetic characterizations and habitat studies using radio-tracking. Ali these realizations allow fish diversity to be maintained in a perspective of nature conservation. Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:11:01 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1168 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1169 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:16:10 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1169 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1171 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:16:43 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1171 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1173 Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:17:14 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1173