https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=245 Numéros en texte intégral fr Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:34:58 +0100 Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:34:58 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=245 0 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=634 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 15:24:13 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=634 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1827 Des cailles des blés élevées en conditions semi-naturelles ont été observées dans l'expression de leurs choix alimentaires. Nous avons quantifié avec précision les temps consacrés par les mâles et les femelles adultes à trois classes naturelles de ressources - graines, feuilles vertes, arthropodes - et mesuré les poids secs respectifs ingérés pendant plusieurs cycles d'activité diurne. La consommation de végétaux verts qui ne représente jamais plus de 1/3 des prélèvements en début de saison, devient rapidement très faible, notamment chez les pondeuses, ce qui différencie la caille de la perdrix grise. Nous avons découvert que les oiseaux des deux sexes manifestent en période de nidification une recherche prioritaire d'arthropodes, ce qui révèle une sensibilité inattendue des adultes de l'espèce aux traitements phytosanitaires des agrosystèmes céréaliers. Food choice of captive European Quail has been studied in the laboratory from May until October. We measured the time devoted by adult males and females to three types of food resources - seeds, green leaves and arthropods - and we quantified the dry weight of food ingested during several cycles of diurnal activity for the different food types. Green leaves never represented more than one third of the food pecked. The quantity of green leaves peaked at the beginning of the reproductive period, then declined rapidly, and reached a minimum, especially in laying females. This is very different from what is known in Partridges. There was a marked increase of arthropods (meal worms) in the diet of subjects of both sexes during reproduction. lt may be concluded that there is a direct adverse effect of pesticides on summer reproductive abilities in adult Coturnix Quail. Post nuptial moult induced a complete change in food choice. Seeds are the dominant item in the diet; a process which could also prepare the following autumn migration. Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:28:02 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1827 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1829 Le comportement de repos de 10 génisses croisées Pie-Noire x Blanc-Bleu-Belge a été étudié durant 2 périodes de 7 jours chacune. En première période, les animaux ont été soumis à un éclairage naturel tandis qu 'en seconde période, les lampes fluorescentes de l'étable sont restées allumées toute la nuit assurant une intensité maximale de 40 lux. Durant le jour, quelle que soit la période, l'intensité a varié de 40 à 150 lux selon le moment et les conditions climatiques extérieures. Les animaux étaient logés dans une étable à stabulation "mixte" où ils étaient enfermés dans des logettes sans être attachés. Les mouvements de lever et de coucher ont été enregistrés individuellement et en continu par un dispositif électrique. Les génisses sont restées couchées en moyenne 10,2 h / 24 h réparties à raison de 62 % la nuit (de 17h00 à 5h00) et 38 % le jour (de 5h00 à 17h00). Il n'y a pas de différence significative entre périodes. Cependant, les états couchés ont été significativement plus nombreux mais plus courts en éclairage continu qu'en lumière naturelle. Le nombre moyen d'états couchés a été de 12,6 et de 16 / 24 h respectivement en première et seconde période . Le jour, les animaux ont présenté des phases communes de positions debout dictées par les heures d'alimentation et de soins ; toutes les vaches ont été debout ensemble 27 % du temps. Pour tester la persistance éventuelle d'un comportement de groupe pendant la nuit, les distributions observées du nombre d'animaux couchés simultanément ont été comparées aux distributions théoriques répondant aux lois des probabilités. Ces distributions sont significativement différentes, ce qui dénote la persistance d'un certain synchronisme. Celui-ci n'a pas été perturbé par l'éclairage artificiel en seconde période. La durée d'éclairement semble donc modifier fort peu le comportement. The resting behaviour of 10 crossbred heifers Friesian x Belgian White-Blue was observed during two 1-week trials. In trial 1, the stable was lit by daylight. In trial 2, artificial lighting was provided during the night by fluorescent tubes with a light intensity of 40 lux. During the day, in both trials, light intensity varied from 40 to 150 lux according to time of the day and external climatic conditions. Heifers were enclosed in feed-cubicles. Standing up and lying down were recorded by an electrical device. Heifers were lying on average 10.2 h / 24 h, 6.3 h during the night (from 17h00 to 5h00) and 3.9h during the day (from 5h00 to 17h00). Differences between trials were not significant. There were however significantly more lying bouts but of shorter duration with continuous lighting than with the natural day and night rhythm. The average number of lying bouts per 24 h was 12.6 in trial 1 and 16.0 in trial 2. During the day, the resting and standing times were influenced by the feeding periods; the 10 heifers were standing simultaneously 27 % of the time. For the night period, the probabilities that n animais (0 ≤ n ≤ 10) rest simultaneously were calculated according to a random distribution of the lying bouts. The observed distributions were significantly different from the random distributions, indicating that some synchronization of the lying and the standing times persisted during the nights. The synchronization was not influenced by the artificial lighting in trial 2. ln conclusion, artificial lighting had little influence on the resting behaviour of the animals. Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:41:25 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1829 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1837 Fri, 16 Feb 2024 09:40:42 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1837 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1831 This paper is an introduction to the experimental research on timing performance in animal subjects, conducted with operant methods. As such, it does not present the detailed state of the art and often refers to classical data, without neglecting contemporary research. A brief introduction delineates temporal regulations of behaviour with regard to chronobiology. It is followed by the description of FI, DRL and duration discrimination schedules. The next paragraphs concern inter-species comparisons, with an emphasis on the role of species-specific factors, the anagenetical perspective in comparative psychology and the quest for "pure timing" with the peak procedure which bears data congruent with Gibbon's scalar timing model. The last part of the paper successively discusses several hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of the hypothetical "internal clock", the relationship between acquired temporel regulations and chronobiology, and finally developmental factors in response timing. The conclusion pleads for the development of a comparative psychology of timing behaviour, to challenge and test models mostly built on the behaviour of the albino rat. Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:49:10 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1831 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1833 Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:52:51 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1833 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1834 Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:59:47 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1834 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1835 Fri, 16 Feb 2024 09:34:49 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1835 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1838 Fri, 16 Feb 2024 09:43:38 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1838 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1840 Fri, 16 Feb 2024 09:47:58 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=1840