https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=212 Numéros en texte intégral fr Thu, 18 Jan 2024 15:24:57 +0100 Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:24:12 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=212 0 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=605 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 14:46:54 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=605 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=349 The Veterinary Ethology is a new discipline which has evolved from the need for a better understanding of the origins and causation of frustrations, deviations, and stereotypes commonly exhibited by domestic animals in modern mass production systems. This recquires the comparative and functional observation of wild and feral animal models, as well as of domestic animals reared under growing constraint conditions, in order, first, to stress limits to the oversimplification of the environment, the restriction of movements and the densification of captive populations, and secondly, to propose new management systems in accordance with the elementary needs of the animals, thus reestablishing their psychophysiologica1 harmony and equilibrium. With this in mind, a preliminary enquiry has been conducted with the collaboration of the french speaking professional breeders associations, in order to find common interests in the study of farm animals behaviour. L'éthologie vétérinaire est une discipline nouvelle située au carrefour des voies suivies par les éthologistes intéressés par l’explication des causes, fonctions et caractères adaptatifs des comportements naturels, et celles suivies par les vétérinaires et éleveurs intéressés par les problèmes de santé et de production des animaux domestiques. Les techniques modernes d'élevage intensif ont suscité la réprobation du public pour des raisons d'éthique et ont fait naître des problèmes nouveaux d'inadaptation des animaux à des conditions de maintenance s'écartant par trop de celles requises pour satisfaire leurs besoins élémentaires de confort. Il s'en est suivi un besoin d'informations sur les exigences réelles des animaux d'élevage. L'observation de ceux-ci par les techniques éprouvées de l'éthologie comparative et fonctionnelle est susceptible de fournir des informations utiles en vue de réaliser l’adéquation des systèmes d'élevage et de production aux besoins des animaux, et de rétablir ainsi l'équilibre psychophysiologique de ces derniers. C'est dans cet esprit de conciliation et de complémentarité qu'une enquête a été conduite dans les milieux professionnels des éleveurs de Belgique francophone, de façon à dégager des thèmes et approches de recherches convenant aux deux parties. Tue, 23 Jan 2024 11:28:29 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=349 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=351 The belgian populations of the badger have suffered a severe decline during the two past decades. More than one hundred burrows have been screened in order to define their characteristics. The data have been submitted to a multivariate analysis, allowing to isolate the main criteria guiding the habitat-choice. The badger is supposed to be able to recolonize most of the sites from where it has disappeared. if the persecutions it has to face were to come to an end. Par suite de la destruction de leurs habitats, de persécutions et, depuis 17 ans, de l'expansion de la rage et des campagnes de gazage des terriers de renards, les blaireaux se sont raréfiés en Belgique et ont déserté maints sites traditionnels, au point que les populations actuelles ne représentent plus que 10 % des effectifs anciens. L'espèce étant aujourd'hui protégée, la question se posait de savoir si le blaireau est capable de recoloniser ses anciens habitats et de s'adapter à un milieu en rapide transformation. A cet effet, on a cherché à définir les caractéristiques de plus de cent terriers, ainsi que des paysages environnants. Les données ont fait l'objet, dans un premier temps, d'une analyse uni- et bidimensionnelle permettant de préciser les caractéristiques des terriers et de leur situation. Mais, dans la mesure où, dans la nature, tous les facteurs interagissent, on a, dans un second temps, effectué une analyse multidimensionnelle; l’analyse des correspondances permet en effet de dégager des associations entre plusieurs paramètres, et par conséquent de définir les critères de choix des sites des terriers, pour les différentes régions naturelles de Belgique. L'habitat du blaireau varie fortement d’une région à l’autre; l’animal s'adapte bien aux conditions locales, à condition de disposer d'un sol ferme, bien drainé, facile à creuser, en un site dissimulé, proche de terrains riches en vers de terre. On peut en conclure que si l’habitat ne subissait plus d'altérations supplémentaires, et si cessaient les persécutions, on pourrait espérer voir le blaireau réétoffer ses effectifs et même, recoloniser des sites d’où il a disparu. Tue, 23 Jan 2024 11:37:35 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=351 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=463 Next to a short analysis of the sexual interactions and the relative importance of the stimulation kinds performed with each behavior pattern, we analyse the observed behavioral sequences in courtship and mating behavior of three chelonian's species : Pelomedusa subrufa subrufa, Sternotherus minor and Kinixys belliana nogueyi. The study of the behavioral sequences emphasizes the great fluctuation between the exhibited behavior patterns and specifies the means leading to the female's stabilization. The sexual behaviors (knowed from this study or the litterature) of Pelomedusa subrufa subrufa, Sternotherus minor, Kinixys belliana nogueyi, Geochelone carbonaria, Testudo greaca greaca, Emys orbicularis, Chrysemys scripta elegans, Chemmys nigricans and Meosemys grandis were submitted to a discriminant analysis to establish certain phylogenetic relations by use of behavioral criteria. We emphasize here the difficulties of the interpretation fo this method. However, we establish a relative ratification of the phylogeny founded on morphological characters. Après une brève analyse de la nature des interactions sexuelles et de l'importance relative des stimulations associées à chaque comportement, nous analysons les séquences comportementales observées lors de la parade sexuelle de trois espèces de Chéloniens : Pelomedusa subrufa subrufa, Sternotherus minor and Kinixys belliana nogueyi. L'analyse de ces séquences met en évidence la fluctuation importante entre les différents comportements exhibés et précise chez chaque espèce les moyens mis en oeuvre pour aboutir à la stabilisation de la femelle. Les comportements sexuels (décrits dans ce travail ou repris de la bibliographie) de Pelomedusa subrufa subrufa, Sternotherus minor, Kinixys belliana nogueyi, Geochelone carbonaria, Testudo greaca greaca, Emys orbicularis, Chrysemys scripta elegans, Chemmys nigricans and Meosemys grandis ont été soumis à une analyse des correspondances afin de vérifier certaines relations phylétiques par une approche éthologique. Tout en soulignant les difficultés de l'interprétation de la méthode dans ce cas, nous établissons une relative confirmation de la phylogénèse établie par des critères morphologiques. Fri, 26 Jan 2024 09:13:35 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=463 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=470 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 09:27:03 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=470 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=472 The Capercaillie has disappeared from the Belgian Ardennes at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Several reintroductions in Germany near the border in the late eighteenth and the early twentieth century have allowed some birds to reestablish small local populations which survived until 1933. The question arose as to the opportunity of a reintroduction in the Hautes Fagnes-Eifel Natural park. This problem is examined against the discussions conducted in Colmar in 1981 by two dozen specialists from France, Central and Northern Europe. The Capercaillie populations are on the decline in most parts of their european range since world war the second, and are near to become extinct in numerous traditional sites in Western and Central Europe, mainly in France, Germany and Bohemia. Factors affecting the population level are diseases, too high game-ungulates densities, atmospheric pollution (sharp rains), disturbance through touristic invasion, but all authors agree that the root of the problem is the development of modern sylviculture implying densification of the forest-roads network, spreading of phyto-sanitary products, and overall splitting and destruction of the habitat. This very sedentary bird needs indeed all its vital recquirements on a small area in mixed heterogenous forests with open wetter spaces for displaying and courting on the lek, dense shrub layer and plenty of preferred plants as food - blueberry shrub especially -, big old trees as roosting sites. Small population isolates disappear here and there. Numerous reintroduction programms have been conducted in the past 150 years. Very few succeeded, as in Scotland; most failed ! A special interest is granted to a raising experiment in progress in order to reintroduce the species in the Massif central in France, from where it disappeared two centuries ago; the young birds are released as soon as they have completed their post-juvenile moult, in a good heterogenous regenerated and planted forest; good attention is paid to the ontogeny of the behaviour and the adaptiveness of the birds to their new habitat. The aim is to produce enough birds to allow the building up of at least one reproductive social unit. Nevertheless, if the species is to be saved in those places from where it has not yet vanished, its vital habitat recquirements should be taken into consideration; plantations should be undertaken for long period through natural regeneration with small changes with time in natural ecological successions; clearings, borders should be multiplicated and diversity enhanced. Some experiments are in progress in Sweden, Switzerland and Black Forest of Germany, in order to achieve a compromise between conservation and economic recquirements. In France, forest management recommandations have been formulated by the national forestry service, since foresters are responsible for the structure and quality of the habitat: plant composition of the differents layers, importance of the clear-cuttings, length of the forest exploitation cycles. From all these considerations and experiments, it seems clear that conditions for a successful reintroduction of capercaillie in the Hautes-Fagnes are not prevailing at the present time. We need first to controll the public invasion and to improve the habitat suitability. But contacts with consultants and follow up of the Cevennes programme should be wellcommed. Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:06:31 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=472 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=492 Cette note fait état de la capture en basse Berwine, le 10 juin 1983, de quatre spécimens de truites de mer (Salmo trutta trutta L.), espèce considérée comme disparue de nos régions depuis environ 1940-45. 0n June 10, 1983, four specimens of fish identified as sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta L.) were caught by electro fishing in the R. Berwine, near its confluence into the R. Meuse, at the Belgian-Dutch border. This is the first record of this species in Belgian waters since its presumed extinction around 1940-45. Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:19:13 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=492 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=496 Belgian researchers have been concerned with the main steps of the domestication of the Tilapia : hydrobiology in natural habitats and collecting of specimen for identification and systematics in the thirties; collecting of a founder stock from the Luapula-Moëro for experimental rearing in ponds in the Katanga (Shaba) province of the late Belgian Congo (Zaïre) as early as the fourties; eco-ethology and extensive traditional fishing at lake Lufira in the late fifties; comparative and developmental ethology in aquaria in the sixties and finally, intensive rearing in cages flooded and tanks filled with warm water from industrial wastes at the Tihange power station in the seventies. The film recapitulates all these steps with movy-pictures taken by actors and direct witnesses of these pioneer-works. It shows the techniques and the development of Tilapia culture in ponds in the Katanga, the traditional fishing at Lake Lufira, the breeding behaviour of substratum spawners and maternal brooders species in the field and in aquaria; it explains in details the improvement of the techniques used for mass production at the experimental station at Tihange. It illustrates the improvement of productivity, considering successively the outcome of traditional fishing ( 100 kg/Ha/year), the results of intensive Tilapia culture in ponds (5 T/Ha/year) and the mass production in cages and tanks (equivalent to 300 T/Ha/month). This domestication story gives evidence for the complementarity between field exploration, fundamental and applied research, between pursuing pure knowledge as well as engaging in practical actions with economical developments in view. Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:26:41 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=496 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=507 Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:35:21 +0100 https://popups.lib.uliege.be/2984-0317/index.php?id=507