http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=98 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:53:07 +0200 Tue, 10 Sep 2024 16:55:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=98 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3154 This paper deals with a general method for the analysis and the logical generation of discrete systems in Programmable Logical Controller (PLC). The Boolean operators are implemented with a generic and unique algebraic model as event-dependent discrete equations, which can be executed in a sequential order. With this method, a generator of sequential logical tables can be designed, simulated and executed for implementing discrete dynamical systems. Two applications are studied. The first application deals with the industrial automation of a water supply for a factory. From the logical table of the events, an algebraic model is designed with a set of discrete equations. From these digital equations, a neural network of the water supply is built. The second application deals with an industrial travelling wagon. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:02:49 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3154 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3160 Bio-theoretical analysis of the evolution of living systems on the basis of organized systems theory suggests that social development of the human beings is a succession towards the increasing technological creativity. The community of primates evolves from a creative individual through the creative social layer (creative class) towards the creative society. The creative class is a socioeconomic layer that is the key driving force for the economic development of post-industrial regions. The organized systems theory, based on the principle of the informational closed-loop coding-decoding control (CL-CDC), suggests that the creative class is only the first step to the new social formation - creative society, the society that specializes to generate information. The economic growth is only the production of resources for the generation of social information. Information could be understood as a phenomenon, which is completely different from matter and energy, since informational control determines the main property of the organized systems that is the ability to reduce entropy. The organized systems are immersed in the space of problems, which need to be solved, and information is a means to solve the problems. It controls the behavior of the organized systems. Both the living system and the social system could be understood as organized problem-solving systems. The living cell is the primary and the simplest organized system on the Earth based on genetic information, and genotype-phenotype duality. The essence of the evolution of the human society is the evolution of the brain-based information technology. The concept of CL-CDC as an approach to life and society on the basis of evolution of information technologies combines and extends the concepts of nomogenesis (Berg, 1922), noogenesis (Teilhard de Chardin, 1955), Lamarckian in the human evolution (Yeas, 1993), holistic Darwinism (Coming, 2005), technological singularity (Kurzweil, 2005), creative class (Florida, 2002-2008) and converting NBIC(Nano-Bio-lnfo-Cogno) technologies. Biological evolution enables us to anticipate social evolution towards creative society. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:22:49 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3160 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3166 The problem of origin of the life is broadly being discussed during very long time. The majority of the theories are founded on different hypotheses which describe origin of primary primitive organisms by some non-biological ways, for example, by self-organization of non-living substances. The origin of the biosphere (Gaia) is considered within a framework of such approaches as one of consequences of the origin and subsequent expansion of different species. At that the biosphere is described as simple sum of all organisms but not as united functional system. On the other hand, it is known that any terrestrial organisms are not able to survive and to reproduce outside the biosphere as well as without interactions with other organisms (this is possible sometimes but during only restricted time). Therefore the hypothesis about simultaneous origin of organisms and biosphere is looked quite probable. But such approach leads to several assumptions, in particular about inclusion of earliest forms of pre-life into planetary circulations. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:23:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3166 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3168 Already in early times of quantum theory, its possible role within biology was discussed. In recent years, significant progress has been made with experiments on entanglement. It was found (among other results) that the conditions for entanglement to arise can be loosened, its observation becomes easier and more accurate, and its chances to persist under adverse conditions gradually improve. Particularly it was detected that entanglement can occur and persist under higher temperatures than supposed before. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:24:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3168 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3173 We used the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum to study adaptive, exploratory and anticipatory behavior of cellular system. Following our previous study, we investigated how the tubular structure of the plasmodium affects the cell motility. From a series of experimental results, it was indicated that the cell motility and consequent morphogenesis is dependent on the locomotive history of the plasmodium. We thus propose the presence of memory reservoir in the cellular organism, and discuss how such aspect is related to computing anticipatory systems. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:25:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3173 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3181 The autocratic system is the most common way of function of societies and their various organizations and institutions. The current global recession and economical crisis is bringing a great deal of attention to the causes and mechanisms of these phenomena. In this work we present the abstract-syntactic model of the main dynamic functions of autocratic systems. This model shows the general pathways of development of societies and reflects the current reality very accurately. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 17:00:23 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3181 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3184 Planning for regional security and crisis management is identified as a multi layered system suitable for anticipatory modelling and simulation. Delays and inter level dependencies, however, have manifested themselves as dominant properties of such systems. This means that an action on one level will cause surprising impacts on the others, but first after some retardation. Fortunately, with help of anticipatory modelling and computer simulation it is possible to demonstrate the effects of those complex inter level interactions in a simulation model before a decision is realised and action is taken. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 17:00:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3184 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3192 A characterization of a simple Markov process based on a random graph theoretic structure is introduced. We propose a polynomial time algorithm for the calculation of a limit state matrix. The algorithm is based on two procedures which will be derived in this contribution. They exploit a distinguished decomposition principle of the underlying graph theoretic structure and the special property of an acyclic directed graph. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 17:01:24 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3192 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3198 In this paper, a control theory is used for planning inspections in service of fatigue-sensitive aircraft structure components under crack propagation. One of the most important features of control theory is its great generality, enabling one to analyze diverse systems within one unified framework. A key idea, which has emerged from this study, is the necessity of viewing the process of planning in-service inspections as an adaptive control process. Adaptation means the ability of self-modification and self-adjustment in accordance with varying conditions of environment. The adaptive control of inspection planning process in service of fatigued aircraft structures differs from ordinary stochastic control of inspection planning process in that it attempts to reevaluate itself in the light of uncertainties in service of aircraft structures as they unfold and change. Thus, a catastrophic accident during flight can be avoided. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 17:02:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3198 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3205 Mathematics and physics are shown to have a symbiotic relationship as emergent aspects of a universal rewrite system. In addition to explaining the 'unreasonable effectiveness' of mathematics in physics and the 'unreasonable effectiveness' of physics in mathematics, this emergent nature of both subjects makes sense of the distinction between syntactic and semantic approaches to logical reasoning. The system is also shown to generate constraints on the kinds of mathematics and physics that are possible, explaining, in particular, why symmetry is so significant in the subjects' foundations, and specifying which symmetries are most significant, as well as indicating their points of origin. Quantum mechanics emerges from this structure in a very specific form which enables us to understand the origin of symmetry breaking in physics and many other aspects of fundamental physical theory. Gravity also has special characteristics which explain its uniqueness among the four physical forces. Wed, 11 Sep 2024 17:03:03 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3205 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3208 The technique of diffusion tensor imaging provides two unique insights into tissue microstructure: It quantifies non- invasively diffusion anisotropy of proton motion, which is a useful signum of cerebral white matter integrity, and provides an estimate of the principal direction of axon fib ers, which enables white matter tractography. The paper presents a novel approach to the magnetic resonance modality of diffusion tensor imaging which is based on the Lévy-Khintchin integral representation of the expectation value of Lévy processes thought of as random walks in continuous time, that is they are stochastic processes with independent and stationary increments. The proof is based on nilpotent harmonic analysis, contact geometry and the symbolic calculus of quantum field theory. Diffusion tensor imaging provides indirect insights into the brain microstructural characteristics of patients suffering of different forms of dementias, improving the comprehension of the underlying pathophysiological processes that result in macroscopic brain tissue loss over time. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:32:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3208 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3216 The question we are concerned with is: how can the highly ordered replicating state which we call 'life' form within a universe where the tendency of natural processes is towards a state of increasing disorder? The existence of a machine order code or driving process for life to emerge seems to be suggested by the generation of a universal rewrite system, with its own mathematical structure, from the single assumption of a zero totality universe; and it would appear that the successive stages which this system automatically generates correspond with the algebraic and geometrical structures which are fundamental in physics and biology in particular. The system has a number of significant aspects - cardinality, rather than ordinality, 'bifurcation' at each stage, and a key stage at which symmetry breaking first occurs. The progressive stages are worked out here in both algebraic and geometrical terms and illustrated through detailed applications to genetics and particle physics. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:33:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3216 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3221 Assuming that Nature is described by a universal rewrite system and operates according to a process that we can refer to as Nature's code, we define certain numbers as being crucial indicators of how the code operates, whether in biology, chemistry or physics. We also show how these numbers originate in the most extraordinarily simple way from two numbers which correspond to the two distinct processes - conserve and create - within the system which can in tum be related to the properties of duality and anticommutativity. The numbers emerge in a number of distinct series which have distinct algebraic and geometrical representations. The geometrical structures translate easily from 3- to higher-dimensional representations, especially those of dimension 4 and 8, and also connect significantly with rotational symmetries and with Lie groups, up to E8. The fundamental particles of physics are a classic case of the operation of the number series, in which all the significant numbers are represented, and no others. The structure leads to a complete classification of fermions and bosons within an overall E8 representation. An almost parallel system emerges in the genetic code, leading to the processes of transcription and translation. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:34:05 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3221 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3222 When, collage-style quoted, a recent authoritative "scientific data mining for conserved quantities and meaningful and nontrivial invariants that underlie physical phenomena in nature, discovered Hamiltonians, Lagrangians and other concise analytical expressions", such "distilled conservation equations" are still analogue since functions of the respective "system's partial derivatives". These, in tum, are of course all equal and the real nontrivial conserved quantity at the ground in any e.g. curve, intercept or identity/spin matrix therefore reduces to a sole infinitesimal straight line bit so that at smallest scale the world is digital - like in modem informatics and computing, the only sufficient letter and number and structural element alike is the binary unit, I, which then forms the reality it may by the canvas and lacework of its own. Showing that the current "digital revolution" is in fact the digital Renaissance, this is the profound meaning of the ancient regular solids, too, opening up long forgotten corridors also to the original Diophantine equations and onwards, e.g. to Keplerian Cosmography, Renaissance Arithmetic, and Fermat's Last Theorem and its offspring Beal's Conjecture. In fact, at the then available level of resolution, the anticipation of the possibly underlying common alphabet of the physical systems and processes around came down to the same ground invariant at hand, namely, anew, the straight line bit, I, from which a complete Universe could be filled by the elements outlined by the infinitesimal digit distributed via first-degree straight and square or diagonal wave sequences and second-degree self-closing equilateral quadrate, triangle and pentagon planes to the maximally three-dimensional, in all but five feasible regular solid expansions. As reported in the CASYS '07 meeting, a transfer to modem elemental counterparts yields exact and exhaustive, both channel, angular and electromagnetic quantum number, mass, and quark inclination reproduction of the meson symmetries by the (assigned to) fire tetrahedron, baryons by the air octahedron, and electrons/positrons by the only spacefilling, truncated octahedron distribution of the continuous 2-tetrahedrons/ I-octahedron lattice complex of their unit root vectors. In principle, there is no difference between an orbital and an axially twisting truncated octahedron distribution of the stepwise path of the extra-nuclear electron domain, but the interesting advantage of the latter is its direct root vector constitution with concomitantly defined lattice segment shape, enabling further nanotechnological self-templating reduplication of its motif into serially enlarged atomic and onwards modules. However, there are problems with this solution as well, and other feasible alternatives are sought for a complete and faithful continuous replication of the periodical system. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:34:33 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3222 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3237 This paper investigates frequency related aspects of coherence in water. The problem is that if living systems have a computing function how is it implemented? The language of communication in living systems is coherent frequencies. Work reported in CASYS '01, '05 & '07 showed that arithmetical operations could be performed on frequency imprinted aliquots of water and the basic reversible logic gates could be implemented. Memory for coherent frequencies in living systems involves water and H-bonding chemicals. The frequency information is in the A-field and this can be instrumented through the electric field E = -d.A/dt. Endogenous frequencies can be altered in anticipation by consciousness and intention. Unfortunately there is no novelty, Nature has got in there first. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:34:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3237 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3243 Special Relativity uses Einstein's two postulates to derive the Lorentz transformation, setting the stage for the Minkowski Spacetime that informs the dynamics of massive particles. How massive particles extract information from spacetime is not specified. We propose a method of specification in a simple two dimensional model that enforces Lorentz covariance by a local rule of preserving spacetime area. The model agrees with the canonical spacetime prescription on large scales but on small scales has the advantage that a particle's mass is evident in the fine-scale geometry of its world-line. This has the interesting feature that quantum propagation arises as a consequence of special relativity. Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:35:18 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3243 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3153 Wed, 11 Sep 2024 16:01:34 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3153