http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=93 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:46:31 +0200 Thu, 29 Aug 2024 12:51:08 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=93 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2804 This paper firstly recalls the mathematical model of the Newtonian gravitation law applied to the solar system dealing with the Sun and the Mercury planet. The orbits of all the planets are given by closed ellipses in the Newton paradigm. This paper continues with the introduction of the relativistic correction to this Newton gravitation law, for exhibiting the precession of orbits and, more particularly, the advance of the perihelion of the Mercury planet. The following section gives the Euler and the First Incursive algorithms for the classical Newton gravitation law and the relativistic correction of this Newtonian law. The last section of this paper gives the result of the numerical simulations of the Mercury orbit around the Sun. It is shown that the simulation with the Euler algorithm is not stable and does not give a closed ellipse to the Mercury orbit with the Newtonian law. The simulation with the First Incursive algorithm gives a perfect simulation of the Newtonian orbit in 88 days. Then, the simulation with this First Incursive algorithm of the relativistic Newtonian gravitation shows the correct Mercury precession angle that is equal to 80 = 180 degrees, after 15,000 centuries, in agreement with the experimental data and Einstein relativity. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:55:18 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2804 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2810 In the wave-particle duality, a free particle can be considered as a wave packet. Is there a wave property that corresponds to the rest mass of the particle? We suggest that this problem can be approached by treating the rest mass on the same footing as energy and momentum. Here we demonstrate that, by assuming that the matter wave of a particle is an excitation of a real physical field in the vacuum, one could derive the mass-energy relation from the solution of a simplified wave equation describing a free particle. This solution suggests that the rest mass of a particle is associated with a "transverse wave number", which characterizes the radial variation of the wave function in the transverse plane. This model has several appealing features. For example, it predicts that a massless particle must travel at the constant speed of light. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:56:05 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2810 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2814 The macroscopic correlations effect appears as a correlation in any dissipative processes without the local carriers of interaction. In fluctuating processes there are both retarded and advanced correlations. The possibility of long-term forecasting of the random component of solar and geomagnetic activity on these advanced correlations has been investigated. The forecasting algorithm, employing advanced correlations, is suggested. Its efficiency has been proved on data of the long-term experiments in regime of the real forecast imitation with advancement up to four months. The accuracy of the obtained solar and geomagnetic forecasts is acceptable for all the practical purposes. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:56:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2814 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2821 In our previous paper, plane waves of any free massive particle were described with a transversal distribution that is defined by a new quantum number, the Bessel order β, which shows the possibility of a hollow structure. The present paper will consider any free massive particle with spherical waves described by their radial distribution. The scale of different Bessel orders is defined and the properties and structure of the presence density are given. Then it is deduced that particles can have a hollow mass and can be made passive with an inefficient crosssection. Finally, an application to Cosmology is proposed and it is suggested that antimatter of extremely high Bessel orders, in galaxy bulge and in star nucleus, may be a solution to the three problems of galaxy stability, dark matter and antimatter in the Universe. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:57:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2821 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2825 The problem is to explain the real physical source of the dark energy and what the value of the rate of the expansion is. In that sense, the analytical expression of Λ= (GM/r2c2)2 has been derived as the function of the universe mass M and radius r. Meanwhile, the Einstein's field equations require that A should be a constant. Therefore, the structure of the universe should include a new mass-radius balancing constant Kmr = M/r2, with the consequence that universe mass is producing proportional to r2. Related scalar field, determined by A, is the real physical source of the dark energy. The velocity and acceleration equations show the value of the rate of the accelerated expansion. Thus, this model solves the dark energy problem, the initial singularity problem and gives a unique solution: a closed universe. It should be verified by the observation data. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:58:01 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2825 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2831 To work against threats and to obtain new possibilities, new forms of inter-organizational collaborations are formed. Established models of organizational control are insufficient to cope with the management of such complex situations. The management literature deals mainly with one single organization although aspects of collaborative processes are discussed. Organizational learning is recommended as a tool to in the first place develop an intercultural communication competence, but also as a complement to learn more about each other. The question is how to transfer the concept to inter-organizations. The viability of an inter-organization is depending on the ability to work as a team, learn from each other and adapt to new situations. In this paper problems and possibilities with inter-organizational management and organizational learning are discussed. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:59:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2831 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2836 For important fatigue-sensitive structures of aircraft whose breakdowns cause serious accidents, it is required to keep their reliability extremely high. In this paper, we discuss inspection strategies for such important structures against fatigue failure. The focus is on the case when there are fatigue-cracks unexpectedly detected in a fleet of aircraft within a warranty period (prior to the first inspection). The paper examines this case and proposes stochastic models for prediction of fatigue-crack growth to determine appropriate inspections intervals. We also do not assume known parameters of the underlying distributions, and the estimation of that is incorporated into the analysis and decision-making. Numerical example is provided to illustrate the procedure. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:00:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2836 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2839 The paper presents a model of heuristic negotiation between self-interested agents which allows the use of arguments, negotiation over multiple issues of the negotiation object, single and multi-party negotiation, and learning of the agent's negotiation primitives. The model uses negotiation objects and negotiation frames to separate the object of negotiation from the negotiation process. In order to negotiate strategically, the agents use a reinforcement learning algorithm applied on a specific state space representation of the negotiation process. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:20:24 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2839 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2842 We propose an algebraic description of emergence of new levels in trophic level networks. Trophic level networks are described by directed graphs. Their properties are surveyed in terms of an adjunction on a subcategory of the category of directed graphs. In particular, it is shown that trophic level networks are invariant under the composition of the right adjoin functor and the left adjoin functor. This invariance of trophic level networks can be broken by introducing the notion of time into the left adjoint functor. This leads to changes in trophic level networks. We show that the left adjoin functor consists of an intra-level process and an inter-level process. An inconsistency between them arises by the introduction of time. Negotiation between the intra-level process and the inter-level process can resolve the inconsistency at a level, however, a new inconsistency can arises at an emerged new level. Thus our algebraic description can follow indefinite development of trophic hierarchy. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:22:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2842 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2846 University Politehnica of Bucharest, Computer Science and Engineering Dept. Splaiul Independentei 313, sector 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania Image retrieval by content represents a part of a multimedia database management system. The components of the image retrieval by content could be seen as anticipatory processes. Each component could anticipate its own evolutionary or functional process or the evolutionary or functional process of other component. This paper presents the anticipatory aspects of the components of an image retrieval by content system. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:22:48 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2846 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2852 The ancient Greek notion of the kairos is defined as the key moment in which the future may be influenced. It defines a specific moment as a bifurcation point, a singularity from which new order may emerge. An embedded observer whose fractal temporal interface translates his embedding context accesses the kairos from within, from an endo-perspective. This observer is part of the reality generated at the bifurcation point. In fact, he is part of the kairos, and thus an example of strong anticipation. Syndrome literally means running together. The term is used when the reason that certain features occur together has not yet been discovered or been made explicit. This paper tries to identify and relate what runs together in the kairos: the dynamics of both the observer and his context, which together form an interface with anticipatory properties. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:23:13 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2852 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2857 Nonlinear dynamical systems show some different motions such as periodic, chaotic or intermittent ones. On-off intermittency is aperiodic switching motion between laminar phases and burst phases. It is observed in critical points with blowout bifurcation. Occurrence of it is sensitive with respect to parameter shifts in conventional systems. In the present paper, an extended dynamical system with an interaction between a global structure and a local motion is proposed. This interaction means a reciprocal definition between a parameter and state variables. The reciprocal definition is induced from the concept of a generative pointer that suggests an extended subobject classifier. Ubiquitous on-off intermittency is observed for a wide range of parameter values when a generative pointer is applied to a Henon map. This fact implies robustness of on-off intermittency against parameter shifts. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:24:24 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2857 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2860 A computing anticipatory system must have the ability to make decision about its next action. To design and develop various computing anticipatory systems effectively, it is desirable to find a general methodology for decision making in computing anticipatory systems. This paper presents a deontic relevant logic approach to reasoning about actions in computing anticipatory systems. The paper discusses why the deontic relevant logic should be adopted as the fundamental logic to underlie reasoning about actions, presents a forward reasoning engine for reasoning about actions, and shows results of a case study to perform automated reasoning about actions based on deontic relevant logic. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:24:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2860 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2882 Companies operating with intermittent production need an Economic Analysis to assist them in taking orders from clients with their own projects. In this article we offer an overall model of analysis of the economic aspects relating to the performance of a company with intermittent commissioned production due to the different utilization percentages of their facilities. The proposed model - from the utilization definitions of the company's production capacity, we may be able to analyze all production regions: idleness, saturation and relevant interval. Therefore, in analyzing the economic aspects of the commissioned job the company must take into consideration in which production capacity it will work before accepting a new order in order to obtain the best profit margin. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:31:48 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2882 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2890 Fuzzy Set Theory and Paraconsistent Annotated Logics are subjects much researched nowadays, with an immense number of applications in a variety of themes. In this paper we discuss how to extend the Fuzzy set theory in order to deal with inconsistent and/or paracomplete data. For the task we use a special kind of paraconsistent annotated logic and the resulting theory, the paraconsistent annotated set theory. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:43:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2890 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2895 While the notion of chance may have been inherent in us from the beginning of the thinking age, it is a gambler's dispute in the 17th century that led to the creation by two famous French mathematicians of one of the most powerful mathematical theories, the theory of probability. It has since helped solve countless problems. In engineering, it is not the existence of uncertainty that is disputed, but how to deal with it. Probabilistic thinking becomes cumbersome when too many sources of variability exist. Engineers and physicists resort to "Black Box" models using data algorithmic approaches. Such is the case in some classification problems brought out by pattern recognition. We look at a character recognition problem, and present a probabilistic solution that is simple and easy to implement. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:44:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2895 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2899 Persistent computing systems are an infrastructure of computing anticipatory systems. The reactability of a persistent computing system, which is how many reactions of the system are active at a certain time, is the most important property to characterize the system. On the other hand, to be anticipatory, the reactability of a computing anticipatory system must be continuous. This paper proposes the first method to measure the continuous reactability of a persistent computing system in a unified way. The continuous reactability of a persistent computing system is a new concept of computing systems, so that it will be raise new research problems of computing anticipatory systems as well as persistent computing systems. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:45:27 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2899 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2906 Recently some investigations on model of cellular automata (game 'Life') with anticipation ('LifeA') had been developed with accounting anticipatory properties, which indicate some interesting types of behavior of such cellular automata. One of new aspect is appearance of multiple solutions of cellular automata. The considering of such solutions follows to attempts of remembering and refreshing some concepts considered by D. M. Dubois, and collecting a list of some existing issues for further detailed considerations and implementation of such concepts, especially of hyperincursion. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:45:58 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2906 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2907 We will talk about models with an intelligent element inside. The intelligent element makes some predictions using the future stage of model which it is a part. The first model contains a process of driver or passenger decision making. Such process is not anticipatory necessarily but it is possible to presume that the driver or passenger tries to simulate his route. The second example refers demography. There is a complex model describing demographic processes using discrete simulation. We created an authority simulating the progress in this area and advising the citizens. Citizens may be convinced to leave the city. The nested model is much more alike to the main one in this case; this system can be called anticipatory with no doubt. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:46:42 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2907 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2912 Anticipatory systems can use for its activity not only simulation models but also models based on fuzzy sets mechanism of expressing uncertainty. Fuzzy sets models can be fruitful mainly in solving problems, in which some of the principal sources of uncertainty are nonstatistical in nature. Fuzzy sets are frequently replaced by fuzzy numbers mainly in the engineering applications for much simpler handling. A fuzzy number can be expressed by a number of different forms that are dependent on complex computation that the given forms can bring. There are also a number of described arithmetic approaches for basic fuzzy arithmetic operations. The paper tries to show how object oriented software can be helpful in the implementation of the different methods and different approaches of fuzzy arithmetic. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:49:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2912 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2918 The year of 2007 was a jubilee year, namely the anniversary of 40 years of the object-oriented programming (OOP). Nevertheless, when the first tool allowing application of the OOP paradigm was presented to the world professional community in 1967, it offered much more than the mentioned paradigm. The whole system of the offered tools was later called Super-Object-Oriented programming tools (SOOP). Its origin and its abilities have several intimate relations to computer simulation and to computing anticipatory systems. The properties of the OOP and of SOOP and their differing are presented in the paper and the relation to the computing anticipatory systems as well. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:50:46 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2918 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2921 The paper concerns a project of implementing an intelligent information system. The intelligence should cover different aspects, namely reactions to some natural language directives and anticipatory self-organizing. At the start phase, programming tools that will be able to cover the simulation models of the design variants are made and tested. They are structured into four main levels, namely (1) that of the world with communication in fuzzy terms, (2) that concerning the world of repeated existence of systems (used for managing a simulation study), (3) that oriented to simulation of information systems ( used for managing individual simulation experiments), and (4) that directed to the anticipatory abilities of the simulated systems. The programming tools are implemented in SIMULA. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:51:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2921 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2925 Internet has made a revolution that is often being compared to Guttenberg's invention of book print. However, from the point of contents, today's Internet still does not enable to communicate much more than print - words and pictures (albeit dynamic and generated on-the-fly from a database). However, people think in concepts and laws when reasoning about real world things and systems. We propose how these concepts as well as things could be represented on Internet in a live and working form, developed, shared and used for practical purposes by all Internet users. This approach would lead to a cooperative development of an environment containing the Common Sense (similar to Wikipedia, but in a live computational form) and to the seamless interconnection between the real world things and their virtual counterparties - e-things on Internet. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:51:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2925 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2935 There is a problem to anticipate organization of services performed by an enterprise to its customer distributed in an array. At one part, the enterprise is interested to employ the minimum workers for that task, while at the other part the customers should be served as soon as possible after they send a message to the enterprise. Simulation of the variants viewed as materially possible, and then choosing the optimal one of them, is a good technique. A system that uses simulation is an anticipatory one and that anticipating the possible variants is also an anticipatory one, thus we meet nesting anticipatory systems. The anticipation of possible variants can be efficiently supported by applying object-oriented programming. That anticipation may pass over the design of one enterprise. The paper describes this technique and some illustrative examples. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:52:13 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2935 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2937 We focus on sequences of the data of which a user selects from a multimedia database. These data cannot be stereotyped because user's view for them changes by each user. Therefore, we represent the structure of the multimedia database as the vector representing both user's view and the stereotyped vector. Such a vector can be classified by SOM (Self-Organizing Map). On the other hand, we introduce a technique for data set generation. If such a set consists of sequences of data, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) will be available for practical purposes. Therefore, we introduce HMM and Vector-state Markov Model (VMM) to represent the vector of user's view, and to acquire the sequence containing the change of user's view. Lastly, we will refer to an extended technique for an interactive system using the rough set theory. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:56:25 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2937 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2944 Every object in existence has its type. Every subject in language has its predicate. Every intention in logic has its extension. Each therefore has two levels but with the fundamental problem of the relationship between the two. The formalism of set theory cannot guarantee the two are co-extensive. That has to be imposed by the axiom of extensibility, which is inadequate for types as shown by Bertrand Russell's ramified type theory, for language as by Henri Poincare's impredication and for intention unless satisfying Port Royal's definitive concept. An anticipatory system is usually defined to contain its own future state. What is its type? What is its predicate? What is its extension? Set theory can well represent formally the weak anticipatory system, that is in a model of itself. However we have previously shown that the metaphysics of process category theory is needed to represent strong anticipation. Time belongs to extension not intention. The apparent prediction of strong anticipation is really in the structure of its predication. The typing of anticipation arises from a combination of c5 and μ - respectively (co) multiplication of the ( co )monad induced by adjointness of the system's own process. As a property of Cartesian closed categories this predication has significance for all typing in general systems theory including even in the definition of time itself. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:57:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2944 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2950 Discrete multiobjective control problems with varying time of states transactions of dynamical system are formulated and studied. Nash equilibrium conditions for the considered problems are given and algorithms based on dynamic programming for determining optimal solutions in the sense of Nash and Pareto are proposed and proved. We exploit a certain (so-called) intelligent network structure to underline a constructive approach Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:57:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2950 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2956 Inspired 2005 by an early version of the trust and reputation framework in e-commerce provided by Jøsang et al. (2007) we are looking into a specific situation: We assume that on a day-to-day basis many people have needs which go unsatisfied even though these needs could be met with a relatively small amount of effort on behalf of other people. Such assistance is frequently given and received in social networks. A reduction of the gap between supply and demand is provided by services like ebay.com (goods), www.getafreelancer.com (services), ciao.com (information) or mixed age housing projects (family-type exchange of financial power and work/care). It is difficult to assign a market value to such 'mini jobs' when using the currently accepted economic model. A concept for an exchange service to include both supply and demand covering typical day-to-day needs or mini jobs was designed by the authors. This paper shows the main idea and further details, possible extensions of the concept and possible results of an implementation of such a service, which include making it easier to set up a business, extending the labour market and enabling people with certain disabilities to stay in their homes. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:58:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2956 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2964 Videogames can be ideal learning tools for special education since they provide training skills, promote independence, and increase and improve students' concentration and attention; in addition, new knowledge can be easily acquired and exercises carried out successfully. Our work focuses on designing personalized games that can be adapted to each user's cognitive level and characteristics, and that can evolve with the user according to his/her progress. The use of adaptation techniques in software development process includes user analysis in the early development stages in order to get a better personalization for each potential game user. We therefore propose different personalization levels, each one at a different development process phase. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 16:00:44 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2964 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2972 Maintenance is considered on many tendencies as part of a wider discipline called Software Evolution. The formal and well defined concepts provided by this discipline permit accomplishing software maintenance in a consistent and reliable way. This work is based on three foundations for evolution: an architecture, a set of mechanisms and models, and the concept of parametrizable system; and it describes the application of these concepts to a real system at the Cuban "Ernesto Che Guevara" Nickel Factory in order to automates part of its maintenance. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 16:01:20 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2972 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2979 A software system relates with others, and receives or provides services. The way services are provided requires interoperability, and software system adapts and evolves according to the necessities. As consequence, the quality of the service depends on the interaction of several software systems. We approach software evolution under the point of view of Anticipation and Incursion. So, we try to define which could be the parameters and elements that define the future states of the service provision framework. We use the concepts of anticipatory systems, incursion and hyperincursion, in the area of software engineering, evolution and adaptation of systems that form part of a complex system interoperable structure for the provision of services. The final objective is the use of these concepts to improve the service provision quality. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 16:01:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2979 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2803 Tue, 03 Sep 2024 14:53:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2803