http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=90 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:42:21 +0200 Mon, 29 Jul 2024 15:24:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=90 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2983 For Donald C. Chang, the rest mass of a particle is related to a transversal distribution of the amplitude of its wave function. We have computed the transversal distributions of the density of presence of a particle from the amplitudes of its wave function, we have drawn their surface graphs. As a consequence of the wave nature of particles, transversal distibutions show a serie of maxima and minima which depend of a Bessel function Jn of order n. At the zero radius the density is a maximum for n=0 and it is a null minimum for n>0 which defines a hollow mass. For John E. Carroll, the rest mass of a particle should correspond to variations in a hidden transversal time of a 3+3 space-time. We have computed these variations and we have found that there is a photon correlation in the hidden time, and that the rest mass might correspond to oscillations for superluminal particles, but direct or inverse exponential variations for subluminal particles. Wed, 04 Sep 2024 08:52:09 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2983 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2988 Starting from a requirement of space-time symmetry, we propose several concepts of additional time dimensions, we study the consequences of the introduction of a multi- dimensional time in the special theory of Relativity and in relativist quantum theory. We show that the mathematical process for generalizing the Dirac equation requires octonions and a 8 dimensional space-time with a privileged time direction. We also show that unlikely quantum correlations in pair of particles (as well as mechanical correlations in two coupled harmonic oscillators) imply a homogeneous 3-dimensional time due to the inseparability of space coordinates in the space continuum. We then propose to define a 3-dimensional time with quantum hidden variables and we suggest that the scalar energy conservation is a consequence of the general parallelism of time flow at the macroscopic level. Wed, 04 Sep 2024 09:11:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2988 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2994 Consistent structure of a Hamiltonian dynamical system with constant energy is shown in terms of category theory. A colimit of the dynamical system corresponds to a set of pairs of an initial state and a final state. Expansion of the colimit based on a concept of internal measurement induces heterarchical structure in the dynamical system and derives interaction between the system and the other one. Dynamical change of potential functions derived from that expansion is relevant to a concept of emergence based on the viewpoint of the Hamiltonian system. Wed, 04 Sep 2024 09:24:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2994 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2996 Macroscopic nonlocality represents itself in correlation of different dissipative processes without any local carriers of interaction and with Bell-type inequality violation. Nonlocal correlation obeys weak causality principle. It involves the possibility of advanced transaction between the random dissipative processes. Wide series of long-term experiments on observation of correlation of insulated lab probe-processes with the large-scale source-processes have been performed. For the natural random source-processes: the solar, meteorological and geomagnetic activity the advanced reaction was reliable detected. Moreover advanced correlation proved to be stronger than retarded one. Due to high level of advanced correlation forecasting applications have a sense. This possibility was demonstrated by the forecast of the random component of geomagnetic activity. Wed, 04 Sep 2024 11:17:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2996 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3001 Parametrical families of distributions are considered, characterised by Borel's measure, infinitisimal in parameters space. The latter property defines the construction of the family and each its member. The properties of this construction are studied, as well as techniques of synthesis of probabilistic distributions, and application areas, first of all quantum systems. They are defined as infinitisimal dynamic systems, observation results of which are described by above mentioned families with the wave function as a parameter. We have demonstrated that axiomatic system of the quantum mechanics is overdefined ("redundant" axioms are restated as theorems), as well as showed new statistical properties of relativistic quantum mechanics. We also proposed non- contradictive model to explain some paradoxal properties of quantum field (paradox of the boson field energy). Wed, 04 Sep 2024 11:34:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3001 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3105 The nucleus is made with nuclear matter. This nuclear matter apparently looks like a gas, a Thomas-Fermi gas, or like a liquid drop Bohr, or like a solid (for the nuclei decaying through super deformed bands of gamma rays). We try to understand these apparent forms of nuclear matter through: the cumulative interaction in the nuclei (a three body nuclear special interaction) and by using the Heisenberg transformation (based on the uncertainty principle on energy and time of the nuclear matter). These cumulative interactions can transform the "gas" nuclei or the "liquid" nuclei or "solid" nuclei in nuclear matter. For a short interval of time, we imagine a Heisenberg partial or total dissolution (transformation)of the nucleus in a "solid" or a "liquid" or a "gas" nucleus. The free nucleons will condense through the cumulative interactions and will reconstruct the quantum structure of the nucleus. These many different states of the bi- or tri- nuclear phases are the mesomeres states of the nucleus with the given total energy, angular momentum, etc. Through these mesomeres states we try to understand the stability of the nucleus in terms of their maximum number. The Heisenberg partial or total dissolution of the nucleus followed by a partial or total quantum reconstruction are an oscillatory movement from chaos (disorder) to the order going through mesomeres states. More are their number bigger is the stability and to the lifetime of the nucleus. A theoretical approach to the mesomeres states can follow the Strutinsky recipe, where the quantum Shell Model correction simulates Heisenberg dissolution process. Mon, 09 Sep 2024 09:03:20 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3105 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3108 We consider here the problem of imaging the iterons of automata. These are discrete counterparts of localized coherent structures from continues dynamical systems. Iterons emerge during iterated automata mappings performed over strings. They consist of filtrons (in serial processing) and particles (in cellular processing). The main problem with the visualization of iterons is their spreading over a medium that they propagate through. We propose here a solution to this problem, both for filtrons and particles; we identify M-segments or G-segments, respectively, which are determined by the activity of the underlying automata. Then we present various types of ST diagrams. Also, we present the new idea of embedding the observer into processing space. This entails the perceiving an event in various ways depending on the position of local observer (e.g. Doppler's effect). We showt hat Conway's glider (of basic period p = 4) in game of life cellular automaton can be seen as either p = 3 or p = 5 object depending on observer. Mon, 09 Sep 2024 09:23:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3108 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3118 In this paper, entropy is portrayed as a property which is dependent on the levels of description (LODs) taken into account. LODs are abstractions in terms of which an observed system may be described. They highlight different qualitative or quantitative aspects of a system. For nested systems, the outcome of a measurement depends on the observer's position and extension, his internal differentiation and assignment conditions. The concept of interface complexity as a measure of entropy is introduced. Finally, a differentiation is suggested between ΔS (endo), ΔS (pseudo-exo) and ΔS (exo), which correspond to the inside, pseudo-outside and outside perspectives, respectively. Mon, 09 Sep 2024 09:35:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3118 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3397 Systems theory allows formulating general principles of systems behavior which can be applied to all kinds of systems irrespective of the specific nature of their components. In this paper we postulate that non-local correlations and complementarity of observables can be understood as properties intrinsic to all kinds of systems. Their occurence depends on a number of systems theoretical parameters, most importantly the degree of closure of the system. We show in an exemplary way that this systems theoretical perspective could help elucidate observations in quantum mechanical systems (such as entanglement) as well as in other systems (such as psychic phenomena, phenomena in altemative medicine, the 'hard problem' of consciousness and evolution). This paper aims to inspire further thinking and research along these potentially fruitful lines. Wed, 18 Sep 2024 08:54:01 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3397 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3403 This paper introduces a mathematical representation of the fundamental physical notions particles, waves, and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation in such a general way that neither Hilbert spaces nor the real or complex numbers are used. This new approach is based on the mathematical notion of a lattice as defined by Birkhoff (1940) who introduced lattices as a generalization of hierarchies in geometry, logic and algebra. In 1982 lattice theory has been connected by Wille (1982) with the philosophical construct of a concept using a mathematical definition of formal concepts and concept lattices. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), the mathematical theory of concept lattices, was then used by the author to introduce Temporal Concept Analysis which is based on Conceptual Time Systems where the notion of a state is introduced as a formal concept. The conceptual definition of life tracks of objects led to a generalization of the formal representation of objects in Conceptual Semantic Systems where distributed objects yield a clear mathematical representation of the idea of a wave packet together with a definition of particles and waves. In this paper the author's previous definitions of particles and waves are extended, the notion of measurement is introduced and combined with the notion of a view and a (distributed) object to represent "how distributed" that object is represented by the measurement in the chosen view. That leads to a conceptual analogue of the notion of "simultaneously measurable" in Quantum Theory and to a conceptual analogue of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation. Wed, 18 Sep 2024 09:10:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3403 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3407 Via Newton's law of gravitation between two static masses exculsively, and the energy conservation law, in the broader sense of the concept of energy embodying the relativistic mass & energy equivalence, on the one side, and quantum mechanics, on the other, one is able to derive the end results aimed by the General Theory of Relativity. The energy conservation law, in the broader sense of the concept of "energy" embodying the relativistic mass & energy equivalence, is anyway a common practice, chiefly nuclear scientists make use of. Yet amazingly, besides it is not applied to gravitational binding, it also seems to be overlooked for atomic and molecular descriptions. Thus herein, next to the reestablishment of celestial mechanics, we propose to reformulate the relativistic quantum mechanics on the basis of Coulomb Force, but assumed to be valid only for "static electric charges"; when bound though, the rest mass of an electric charge, must be decreased as much as the "binding energy" it delineates. Along the sameline, one can remarkably derive the de Broglie relationship, for both electrically and gravitationally interacting objects. Our results, furthermore, seem capable to clarify the results of an experiment achieved long time ago, at the General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, but left unveiled up to now. The frame we draw amazingly describes in an extreme simplicity, both the atomic scale, and the celestial scale, on the basis of respectively, Coulomb Force (written for static electric charges, exclusively), and Newton Force (written for static masses, exclusively), in exactly the same manner. Our approach yields precisely the same metric change and quantization, at both scales, in question. For simplicity, the presentation is made based on just two particles, one very massive, the other one very light, at both scales, without though any loss of generality. Our predictions, perfectly agree with all available experimental results. Wed, 18 Sep 2024 09:29:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3407 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3414 Herein a full quantum mechanical deployment is provided on the basis of the frame drawn in the previous Part I. Thus it is striking to find out that occurrences taking place at both atomic and celestial scales, can be described based on similar tools. Accordingly, the gravitational field, is quantized just like the electric field. The tools in question in return are, as we have shown, founded on solely the energy conservation law. The relativistic quantum mechanical equation we land at for the hydrogen atom, is equivalent to the corresponding Dirac's relativistic quantum mechanical set up, but is obtained in an incomparably easier way. Following the same path, a gravitational atom can be formulated, in a space of Planck size, with particles bearing Planck masses. For simplicity, we will enumerate the sections, as well as the equations, in continuity with the corresponding sections and equations drawn in the previous Part I. Wed, 18 Sep 2024 09:56:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3414 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3419 This communication aims to show and explain the frequency influences over the signal evolutions. We draw an operational analogy between the modulations and the detection of periodic and aperiodic behaviours. Consequently g(t) is related to G(s) its Laplace picture as a frequency generator. To win more easiness in the structure analysis we will use the "Bond Graph" methodology and therefore we shortly notice its main specificities. After the description of the reactivity which causes the technological memory we show the operational connection from this one to the (pole - zero) pairs and underline the delivered future characteristics. From inspecting the Laplace space we remark that any root locus = {R L} structure corresponds to a set of Newton's fields what supplies a divergence field in the (Lp.sp.) = Laplace space. This Laplace distribution helps for determining the g(t) evolution characteristics. From the {R L} it is possible to deduce the system decomposition into a first-order one and a set of second-order ones, what brings a drastic analysis reduction of forecasting processes. The convolution of a system g(t) with an inflow signal x(t) will be transfered in a (Lp.sp.) what yields the angular convolution of both {R L} stars. In (Lp.sp.), are injected horizontal conjugated heliphasors for each fixed frequency pair with exp(-Δσ) as damping variation of the amplitude, resulting from the imaginary graduation and vertical damped or amplified Fourier phasors supporting (Δωι) frequency variation for exp(-σκ) as fixed amplitude. The supply of synchronous curves following the time evolution along the {R L}, acts as an extension of the Fourier wavelets. Afterwards we deduce a shortage of the (Lp.sp.) into a sector of the 2° stability quadrant. This accessible window is defined by the uppermost possible frequency. An extended (Lp.sp.) configuration describes the evolution and the management of a library or a documentation centre. For this last use, the informations will be located in the first quadrant where we can display the obtained gains and developments (= information increase) on the real axis and the use frequency of each knowledge on the imaginary one. This configuration shows the interest grade for each type of knowledge and will supply a valuable guidance to improve the future development. Wed, 18 Sep 2024 12:16:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3419 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3482 This article deals with the control design for a thermal plant with constrained input signal based on the first order time delayed models. The design follows the requirement of the fastest possible transient processes without overshoot. The piecewise constant (or slowly varying) disturbances are compensated by a windupless integral action added to the controllers output. Fri, 20 Sep 2024 09:23:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3482 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3489 This paper deals with the control design for a thermal plant with constrained input signal based on the second order time delayed models. The design follows the requirement of the fastest possible transient processes without overshoot. It is limited to the case when the control signal can potentially attack both the upper and lower saturation limit. For the basic PD controller tuning it is usually enough to use approximation of the original plant by the I2Td model (double integrator + deadtime). The piecewise constant (or slowly varying) disturbances are compensated by a windupless integral action added to the controller output. Here, the loop properties can be improved by using also more sophisticated 2nd order plant approximation. Fri, 20 Sep 2024 09:30:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3489 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3491 The convergence to the mean values of observables is studied for nonlinear dynamical systems in the period-doubling bifurcation regime. The phase space convergence to the mean values is studied numerically; it reveals a characteristic behaviour induced by several special points in phase space. The convergence to the mean value for these points is exponential as opposed to the power-law convergence of the majority of the phase space. The issue of universality of these results which characterize the period doubling bifurcation behaviour is discussed. Fri, 20 Sep 2024 09:44:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3491 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3506 The new model equations for hydrodynamics with memory effects are investigated. The possibilities of collapses, structures and fragmentation are discussed. The results of numerical evolution of the torus as the initial conditions are presented. The process of vorticity development and fragmentation at high speed of flow is displayed. Fri, 20 Sep 2024 09:52:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3506 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3512 The paper contains several results belonging to the theory of systems with infinite memory, using the differential calculus in locally convex spaces. These results are the following: the general constitutive functional can have, as a first approximation, an integral representation; the constitutive functional could be expressed by a double integral, so obtaining a better approximation; the speed of the present state modification is in a linear dependence on the history of the speed by which the inputs were changed, the whole time elapsed till the present moment; the state of the system in a next moment is obtained also by means of some formulae using the derivative of the constitutive functional; the problem of optimal control of the system evolution, formulated for this general functional representation, leads to the equations of the Calculus of Variations. Mon, 23 Sep 2024 14:54:11 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3512 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3517 The paper is addressed to people who do not deal with practical activity. Its aim is to draw attention to the necessity of creating anticipating methods that would be useful to apply in practical activity. This activity consists in creating new objects, managing the existing ones and organizing various undertakings. Practical activity takes place within social processes. Therefore, it starts with the analysis of needs and social expectations. The newly created methods of anticipation are a very important element of the present development of science. They allow omitting partially a probabilistic and statistic analysis of the processes. So, there is a chance to depart from the development of science based on the medieval view of "Ockham's Razor". Here, traditional science of science is a barrier to the development of scientific disciplines. Some of them are more and more distant from the physical and social reality. Scientific research consists in analyzing processes isolated from the surrounding. The results of such research are, of course, correct. Yet, in the reality there are no processes that are independent of one another. Therefore, the research results do not allow determining the synergy effect occuring during the interaction of particular processes. Experts, practitioners, creating new undertakings, handle this problem quite well. Their activities, only in the introductory stage itself, are based on theoretical basics. The results of these analyses identify the area, in which it is necessary to look for a practical solution. Science of science that is nowadays regarded significant causes the lack of acceptance of the research on anticipation. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop mathematical basics of anticipation. Yet, it is necessary for the elements of the created theory not to remind taditional scientific disciplines. It is essential to complement these developmental activities with the attempts to get theoretical considerations closer to practical reality. Mon, 23 Sep 2024 15:26:21 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3517 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3523 We argue that the evolutions of Anticipative Capability and evolution itself are broadly equivalent. Key to establishing this equivalence is the adoption of a viewpoint which rejects both 19th century anthropomorphism and late 20th century anti-anthropomorphism in favour of an anti-anti-anthropomorphic stance which presupposes the continuity of evolvability and AC between blind dependence on Newton's Laws and human technological control. We suggest that Darwinian Evolution is a late product of the evolution of evolution, and that the early random nature of evolution has been progressively modified towards a more directed anticipative form by first simulating Anticipative Capability - e.g. in amoebas and the Venus flytrap - then later implementing it - e.g. in insects and animals. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 10:11:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3523 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3531 This paper describes the possibility of science hyperincursive integration by construction of a formal theory which becomes a universal language for the sciences and where it is possible to build their integration process. After this integration any scientific theory assumes all the data and ideas that can be useful for it from the other scientific theories. Dubois' incursive algorithm scheme permits a good two by two integration process of all the sciences but the continous making of new scientific ideas and data in the outside environment of the integration process implies the necessity to can change it during its execution by opportune control parameters which represents the new scientific data and ideas which we can introduce. Thus we have really an hyperincursive process to integrate the sciences among them. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 10:19:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3531 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3534 What will Happen in Case, and Why ? How will future development turn out? In pursue of well founded rational answers by anticipating, science explores the behavior and emergence of complex systems. To understand them pragmatically, object- and issue related, transdisciplinary co-operation is challenged. To this end recently the need for transdisciplinary models and semantics is stressed. Transdisciplinarity inquires into the shared base of disciplines. Systemics and Evolution approach in particular qualify as (also ontological) bases. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 10:36:42 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3534 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3538 This paper briefly reviews the concepts of observer and emergence as used in modern scientific disciplines. By using these concepts we outline the research devoted to modelling and managing behaviours of Collective Beings, emergent from the same agents simultaneously interacting in different ways. Collective Beings are systems in which each interacting component can simultaneously belong to different systems. The DYnamic uSAge of Models (DYSAM) is then introduced as a tool to model and manage Collective Beings, by using different disciplinary types and levels of description. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:16:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3538 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3542 We propose a method of anticipation of mouse cursor movement using pressure sensors. Pressure sensors are embedded in mouse pad. Data from sensors are collected in 10-bit A/D value every 10 ms. From the time series of pressure level, the orientation and distance are anticipated at the moment of starting the mouse movement. Moreover, user's intention and posture can be extracted to some extent by sensing pressure amplitude and latency. In this paper, we present the configurations of our system and the results of experiments for evaluation. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:25:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3542 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3547 Growth is the factor, which underlies any movement and change, because every movement and change can be characterised by the process of an increase and/or decrease in the value of its parameters, and this process we understand as a process of growth or briefly growth. This trait of growth leads to the conclusion that growth is a very basic function of any element and system in nature and therefore it has very wide generality. This paper, based on our development of the linguistic approach to a qualitative and quantitative modelling of systems and processes, outlines the basic aspects of system's growth in the form of mathematical trajectories. Our work uncovers more complex aspects of growth and its associafion with currently used methods of modelling and reveals more effective ways to analyse and steer behaviour of different kinds of systems and processes. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:42:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3547 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3551 Most time series analysis is carried out in retrospect, i.e., after the data has been acquired. Direct observation, and with it, anticipation of the temporal development of a system, is often limited to one level of descripion. This would not suffice if one wished to detect scaling behaviour in real time. An algorithm is introduced which describes a fractal, nested detector. This nested detector anticipates scaling structures in real time, and registers space time as a function of the Prime Structure Constant. Depending on where the interfacial cut is set, the nested detector could be a brain, a computer program or a mechanical measuring device. Fractal nested detectors are an example of strong anticipation, as the scaling behaviour, which is inherent in the underlying system's dynamics, is adopted by the detector in order to further differentiate its interface. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:48:53 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3551 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2091 Mon, 29 Jul 2024 15:48:11 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2091