http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=85 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:36:41 +0200 Fri, 12 Jul 2024 16:08:59 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=85 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1501 Fri, 12 Jul 2024 16:11:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1501 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1503 During software evolution, the next state to be reached by the system, can be an unknown situation that could have unwillingness effects over the evolutionary process. Additionally, the modifications suffered by a Software System may affect the structure or the way of use of that structure. In order to avoid undesired effects, changes must be known by the system. The knowledge of the future states moves us to consider these systems as Incursive Discrete Strong Anticipatory Systems. As well, the evolution has hyperincursive characters because there exists several possibilities of modification, before selecting the next state… As a consequence we have a non directed evolutionary process in order to obtain a correct and adequate evolutionary sequence for the system. This process is also not hazardous, but under the modeller free will. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 16:22:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1503 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1621 In this paper we present a class of paraconsistent deontic systems D*τ which may constitute, for instance, a framework for the formal study of normative theory in law, in which it is important to manipulate directly the concept of contradiction. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:00:27 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1621 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1626 First, we introduce VM(vector state machine) which is generalized from the structured vector addition system, and, next, propose KR/VM model, where KR is the model for knowledge representation, since the conventional AI (Artificial Intelligence) technique is also important. As a result, we obtain a hybrid model of the AI model and the vector state machine, and it will be a good brain agent model which is widely applicable for the practical problems. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:04:47 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1626 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1634 An analog neural network model with time delays was studied which demonstrated chaos similar to human and animal EEGs. Measures of chaos and correlation were used to investigate chaotic neural network behavior under the different external conditions and internal structural changes. External sinusoidal and pulsed periodic forces were used for chaos control. They produced transitions, "chaos-order" and "chaos-chaos", which were similar to those observed experimentally in the brain. A chaotic neural network state was introduced which is similar to that proposed for the brain. It is characterized by two types of memory and correlation structure of neuronal activities. Pathological non-chaotic neural network activity and activity with decreased chaos is induced by weakening interneuronal connections. Possible application to Parkinson's disease and dementia is discussed. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:13:46 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1634 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1653 A reinforcement learning (RL) is known as one of the machine learning methods, and has been applied to multi-agent problems. In this paper, we propose a new RL method using a Bayesian network (BN), which is a stochastic model and plays a role of the supervised learning procedure. An agent learns how to move under certain circumstances by an original RL method, and then the strategy is improved by using BN. We verify the effectiveness of our method by carrying out simulations for a certain multi-agent problem, and show that an agent learns its appropriate strategy for complicated tasks more effectively by using our method. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:19:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1653 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1679 The context of this problem is the System Engineering of Constructed Complex Systems, which are artificially constructed systems that are managed or mediated by computing systems. In particular, we are concerned with autonomous intelligent behavior in such systems, which means that the system takes a major role in selecting its own goals. When Constructed Complex Systems operate autonomously, whether out in the real world or in cyberspace, they need a great deal of flexibility and adaptability in their architecture and implementation. This paper shows how to organize and implement a Constructed Complex System to have the requisite qualities needed for autonomy while avoiding the most common difficulties found in computing systems : rigidity and brittleness. Our architecture includes both our Wrapping infrastructure to provide a Computationally Reflective base for all component integration, and our conceptual categories to provide a flexible representation mechanism that separates model structures from the roles they play. To make things even more interesting, we are currently developing approaches whereby the system also decides for itself when it needs to be re-organized, because its fundamental symbol systems are not expressive enough, and carries out the reorganization automatically, by defining new symbol systems and re-expressing itself in the new terms. This behavior is hard to implement, but we have identified many of the important issues. There are several fundamental mathematical questions involved in this study: (1) how self-reference can be made not only possible but sensibly computable, (2) how formal mathematical structures can be extended to incorporate more information about context and situation, (3) how to move formal structures into new contexts and assess the resulting validity, (4) how to define mathematical structures before their basic elements are defined, (5) how to capture more of the modeling processes in mathematical structures, (6) how to decide when a notational system is inadequate, and (7) how to fix it. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:24:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1679 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1686 Fuzzy techniques can be applied in several domains of image processing (Kerre & Nachtegael, 2000). In this paper we will show how fuzzy techniques are used in mathematical morphology, in establishing measures for image quality evaluation, and in constructing filters for image noise reduction Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:30:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1686 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1695 Weak anticipation is involved (possibly in more than a way) in texts obeying genre-bound poetic conventions, in the generation of such texts, in their receptions, and possibly in events related in such texts, the events having been conceived not necessarily in a vein of realistic verisimilarity. This paper starts with a situation arising in the reception triggered by two ads contiguously rotating on a signboard ; then turns to retracing a schema of how to conceptualize the generation of a text by Rosenzweig, which achieves mock-explanation by ascribing foreknowledge to a character. That literary text combines both mock-etymology and narrative mock-explanation (a humourous aetiological tale), in the form of a learned treatise full of intertextual references to a genre-specific literary canon. An AI formal analysis is sketched for part of its opening page. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:45:09 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1695 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1701 We focus on a category of humour devices, at the meet of discourse analysis and of weak anticipation (in the form of a literary playful ascription of causality transgressing on the unavailability of the future). In Part I of the present paper I exemplified a goal-and-plan driven formal analysis of what makes humour tick, in a given literary text : Rosenzweig's century-old satire of life in America, whose name he mock-etymologizes by an apocriphal anecdote on Columbus. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:49:12 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1701 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1702 We are concerned with the problem of summarizing the contents of a coherent text. In this paper we argue that complex units of symbols like sentences, for example, are signs and the meaning of a text arises via their interaction. We introduce a model for the generation of summaries and illustrate its potential by a realistic example. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:53:42 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1702 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1708 "Eccentricity" is a term for a displacement, while "eccentric anticipation" is defined as the control of forthcoming contact across locomotive kinematic chains. The disturbing fact there is found in the driving vertebrate kinematics and the related locomotion technologies. To fit human performance, these all fall to specific spatiotemporal standards. Local self-similarity and a nonlinear feedback stabilization is binding the kinematic chain to the demands of a mechanism. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:58:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1708 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1713 Image restoration is a typical ill-posed problem. Regularization technic represented by a regularized MP-Inverse filter (RMPIF) is widely used to deal with the ill-posedness. In order to derive the best performance of the filter, the parameter, which controls the regularizability, should be appropriately chosen. In this paper, we present a new criterion for parameter choosing based on modifying the subspace information criterion which is first proposed for model selection of supervised learning problems. Some numerical examples are also shown to verify the efficacy of the proposed criterion. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 12:03:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1713 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1734 A neuropsychoanalytically framed hypothesis considering dreams as the 'motor exercising' of humans most typical behavior, namely language, is presented. In psychoanalysis dream bizarreness is often resolved by reading the dream content textually. It is defended that this literal interpretation comes down to analyzing langage on its articulatory or phonemic structure. While in awake language, lexical (or ego) control is exercised in such a way that scansion of the phoneme structure is operated meaningfully in line with the context, this control is thought not to operate in dreams where it is the motor part (i.e. the articulation) which is thought to be important. The uncontrolled running of these articulatory programs could then result in phonemic ambiguities, thereby accounting for the bizarre elements of the dream. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:31:11 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1734 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1743 Mental imaging is associated with brain receptor-mediated perception of both external (sensory) and internal (interoceptive and proprioceptive) signals. The accumulation of mental images from early developmental stages provides a reference bank for further adjustment of organism functioning, i.e. homeostasy. Noxious stimuli alter the morphisms connecting neural signals and associated mental images : closed normative feedback control loops are opened into paths, continuity is broken to disease and electroencephalogram(EEG) is correlatively modified. The NeuroBioFeedback (NBF) medical technology corrects mental images through voluntary training of the brain to restore its normal activity upon anticipatory adjustment to a EEG-piloted farther corrective goal. Duration of treatments appears as a function of rehabilitation rates. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:58:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1743 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1748 A system is autonomous if it uses its own information to modify itself and its environment to enhance its survival, responding to both environmental and internal stimuli to modify its basic functions to increase its viability. Autonomy is the foundation of functionality, intentionality and meaning. Autonomous systems accommodate the unexpected through self-organizing processes, together with some constraints that maintain autonomy. Early versions of autonomy, such as autopoiesis and closure to efficient cause, made autonomous systems dynamically closed to information. This contrasts with recent work on open systems and information dynamics. On our account, autonomy is a matter of degree depending on the relative organization of the system and system environment interactions. A choice between third person openness and first person closure is not required. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:03:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1748 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1752 Within the Freudian frame of reference, the emergence of a psychical level or the coming into being of the subject implies the initial loss of a primal object. From then onwards, the human sexual relation appears as determined or structured by this initial loss in that any finding of an object is in fact a refinding of it (Freud, 1925h). Evidence for this can abundantly be found in the love life of the human being. What then are the specific conditions for the refinding of the object ? It will be argued that this implies (i) the qualification of the object as partial ; (ii) a circular causality that involves at least the levels of memory (memory trace of the partial object), the drive and the other. In that sense, the subject unconsciously anticipates the finding or refinding of the object. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:11:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1752 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1757 Awareness of a conscious entity can exist without elements ; therefore, the general notion of an object of a category is employed. One of the characterization of understanding is : for a given local information (awareness) there exists a global information whose restriction is the given information. For such mental activities, category and sheaf theories are employed to formulate consciousness. We will show that the cohomology (more general precohomology) object, a subquotient object, better represents the essence of a conscious entity than an object itself. We will also give a definition of an observation to formulate the collapse of the wave and the wave properly. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:16:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1757 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1764 This papers deals with anticipation within a dynamically organised psychic system. We start with Freud's attempt to conceptualise such a system, in particular in his Project for a scientific psychology (1950a [1895]). Three subsystems are distinguished here : perception, memory and consciousness. They interact with each other and with the environment and are governed by the pleasure principle. The memory system forms the first important element in thinking the anticipatory capacity of the psychic system, the attention mechanism the second. With these two elements it will be shown how Freud can provide a basis for a dynamical approach of anticipatory systems wherein : the particular history of the interaction with the environment, its inscription in a memory system and, the development of an attention mechanism are important. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:23:24 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1764 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1767 Anticipatory processes take into account of the contextual events occurring in the environment to anticipate probable upcoming events, and to select the best behavioral responses. The necessary knowledge for prediction of events adapted to context can be learned by classical associative conditioning, which allows associations between events occurring close in a sequence. Context can then correspond to events perceived in the environment as well as to the reinforcing valence of the event eliciting emotional states in the system, both orienting anticipations in memory. Knowledge for anticipation of adapted behaviors to context can be learned by operant reinforced conditioning, which allows associations between behaviors and reinforcing events in the environment, as a function of the reinforcing valence of the event (positive or negative). In this case the processing of a contextual event can select behavioral responses orienting the system to positive reinforcers rather than to negative reinforcers. An attractor neural network model is proposed to account for the different types of anticipatory processes presented as well as for the leaming principles of conditioning allowing adapted anticipations. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:30:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1767 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1777 The conversation is the most common interaction process in the daily life : the goal of this paper is the extraction of information on the evolution of a communicative process through simple quantitative measurements. The whole interview process has been considered as a complex system evolving in the time. Our approach founds on analogies between conversation processes and chaotic systems. The proposed procedure allowed the extraction of information on the conversation evolution : phase portraits with anomalous paths indicate situations where the communication has been troubled from external references. Some parameters showing very good indication on the process evolution are proposed. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:34:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1777 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1790 We have investigated affective influence derived from the visual effects in moving images. In this paper, we confine ourselves to transition, especially dissolve, as one of the visual effects. We found that the influence of transition can be anticipated by the impressiveness of the pre-transition and post-transition images. If both images are simple, the post-transition image is dominant in affective influence. And if both are complex, more impressive images are dominant in affective influence. Moreover, in the former case, the influence is independent of duration of transition, while in the latter case, the dominance of the post-transition image increases with the duration of transition. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:45:29 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1790 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1812 In "The Mirror Stage", Lacan describes the process of identification in terms of a combination between "insufficiency" and "anticipation". The infant precipitates from his motoric and language impotence towards an anticipation of an identity, which is, in first instance, supported by the image. In recognising himself in the image, in identifying with the image, the infant anticipates a totality but at the meantime he alienates himself in the image. The image, as a rigid structure, will never adequately "re-present" the subject, but it will nevertheless serve to escape the situation of a "corps morcelé", of a non-unified, a non-totalized body. This paper analyses the relation between insufficiency and anticipation on the basis of Lacan's article. The broader aim is to embed this psychoanalytical viewpoint in a more general theory of complexly organized dynamical systems. In this approach, cohesive forms or structures, such as human subjects, agents, or psychic structures, are considered to take shape at various levels in a developmental history in which the mechanisms of identification and anticipation play a crucial role. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 16:07:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1812 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1818 In his Ecrits, Lacan discusses the determination of human speech. In his commentary on Poe's 'The purloined letter' he tries to show that the sequence of signifiers is not arbitrary but governed by an internal logic. In 'Subversion du sujet et dialectique du désir' he tries to show how this chain of signifiers is constituted in a double movement : on the one hand there is the linear succession of signifiers, on the other hand there is an anticipatory movement. We would like to combine these two lines of thought and illustrate this double determination with Freud's case study of the Ratman. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 16:08:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1818 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1836 In this paper we present a simulator based on the paraconsistent annotated logic Eτ (Para-Sim) that allows to deal with inconsistent or paracomplete signals in a non-trivial manner, besides dealing with fuzzy information. The simulator Para-Sim allows parameters to be modified by a paraconsistent analysis and conditions in order to obtain the optimization of the qualitative notions of real size, as distance between the robot and the obstacles, and also navigation speed. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 11:11:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1836 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1841 The main contributions of this paper consist in stating a proposal for the evaluation and the improvement of the knowledge bases in order to assure their quality. This paper addresses the issue of analysing selected qualitative properties of the diagnosis systems in a systematic way and designing the set of rules in an appropriate manner. We investigate a common model for the representation of a base knowledge called Object Attribute Table. The evaluation of a given knowledge base, is measured using the following steps : first we obtain its complete extensional representation, next we deduce the characteristics that an optimal rule base should exhibit. We consider criteria that measure the accuracy of different knowledge bases describing the concepts. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 11:23:15 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1841 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1849 From the observation of the intrinsic properties of the nets, it seems advantageous to introduce their use in a lot of additional various domains to elaborate and understand easily the interactive dynamical sEuctures. Nodes and edges, net components, are well suited to display the influences or exchanges between objects, topics and departments. Consequently they bring a synoptic help for the development of regulated systems and for increasing the efficiency of the data banks. The flow driving between sender nodes and receiver ones permits to detect a strict functional parallelism between algorithms and nets. The polar configuration of nets is also useful for displaying the nodal functional hierarchy. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 11:27:18 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1849 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1854 Wed, 17 Jul 2024 11:31:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1854 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1857 The paper considers some analogies between Aristotelian concepts and their images at the computer programming, applicable for computer modeling of anticipatory systems. The concepts are namely matter/form and their influence to the law of extensionality, general/individual and time/eternity. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 11:34:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1857 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1862 This paper describes the Geometry demonstration learning system LEEG (Learning Environment on Euclidean Geometry). This system was constructed on a learning environment composed of five agents that interact to promote the knowledge construction and evolution. The five agents are : Mestre, Oráculo, Sonda, Cliente and Aprendiz (or in English, respectively, Master, Oracle, Probe, Client, Apprentice), each one with distinctive and specific behavior. The focus of this work will be the specification of the Mestre-Oráculo and Mestre-Sonda relationships and the knowledge base specification. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 12:06:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1862 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1871 We know that in a society, in fact in all societies, information flows between humans and artificial or natural systems. In a scheme information about natural structures and nature can be termed natural infosystems, information about artificial man made systems can be termed artificial infosystems. The entire information in a society (A), such as knowledge in books, databases, that is all accessible information in the society (A) in its own langage together with the natural and artificial infosystems can be called the infoarchitecture of the society (A). The infoarchitecture of the society (A) plus information known to every individual (his/her own memory, experience, personal knowledge) and not presented in "printed" form can be called the outformation of the society (A). We can predict that outformation has its own structure and logics of processing. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 12:16:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1871