http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=84 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:35:16 +0200 Mon, 08 Jul 2024 10:39:20 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=84 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1208 Some foundational conceptual issues concerning anticipatory systems are identified and discussed : 1) The doubly temporal nature of anticipation is noted : anticipations are directed toward one time, and exist at another ; 2) Anticipatory systems can be open : they can perturb and be perturbed by states external to the system ; 3) Anticipation may be facilitated by a system modeling the relation between its own output, its environment, and its future input ; 4) Anticipations must be a part of the system whose anticipations they are. Each of these points are made more precise by considering what changes they require to be made to the basic equation characterising anticipatory systems. In addition, some philosophical questions concerning the content of anticipatory representations are considered. Mon, 08 Jul 2024 14:09:42 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1208 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1213 Recognizing anticipation as a specific form of knowledge and taking specific form of knowledge realization in a physical system (a program for Feynman's universal reversible quantum computer) one gets a definite algebraic property of quantum system's dynamics, which appeares to be closely related with characteristic features of biological systems. This means that physical description of biological systems at quantum level must anyhow contain explicit logical component evoked by the system's intrinsic knowledge. On physical level the fact of such knowledge existance manifest itself in global algebraic properties of its dynamics. Evolution of biological systems in such approach turns out to be an evolution of certain set of interaction constants of system's hamiltonian which makes it possible to implement logical operations as summands of the system's evolution operator. Mon, 08 Jul 2024 14:43:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1213 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1220 When the current performances of a social system are reckoned as unsatisfactory and not complying with its expected evolution or if their trends appear to result in an unsustainable future, the problem consists in defining a change for reaching a better behaviour. Significant changes in the evolution are possibly obtained by discontinuities, which may be concerned with drastic changes in the policy and/or in the system structure. This paper introduces the paradigm of managing the changes by discontinuities, which we can identify and treat by computer simulation according to a heuristic approach, which involves forecasting, backcasting and optimization tools. Finally, such an approach is discussed from an anticipatory point of view. Mon, 08 Jul 2024 15:50:46 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1220 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1227 By unawarely projecting the noun-verb form of the grammar common to the western Indo-European (WIE) languages as 'the structure of the universe', WIE scientists have not only prevented themselves from developing adequate theories, they have also failed to provide a basis for reliably predicting the effects of their own work. In this paper, I demonstrate both a few of the problems intrinsic to WIE mathematics, sciences, etc., and a notation of known stucture which can guide us to more rigorous and accurate scientific constructs. Mon, 08 Jul 2024 16:03:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1227 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1233 The theorems established by the logicians show that the truth value of a proposition, constructed in a logical system S, cannot be enunciated in the system S itself, but in metasystem S', which refers to the proposions of the system S therefore it is not apt be confused with S'. In the paper, according to Kant's transcendental methodology, where it is asserted that any rational knowledge is either a piece of knowledge from concepts, or a piece of knowledge from the construction of concepts, the transcendental role of the non-decidable Gödelian propositions is considered in the diachronic inclusion of the axiomatic theories and metatheories. Tue, 09 Jul 2024 14:21:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1233 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1241 Characteristics of anticipation are considered in belief formation based on crisp evidence. In this paper, anticipation is understood as an ability of the system affording us some useful guide to seek further pieces of evidence in order to give a solution for a given problem with which we are concerned. Then two kinds of anticipation are examined in the belief formation systems depending on whether evidence is incomplete or contradictory, respectively. This examination assumes the closed-world assumption on belief formation. Further kind of anticipation is pointed out under the open-world assumption. Tue, 09 Jul 2024 15:47:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1241 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1414 Design process is a series of activities in which designers try to find or invent entities that satisfy specifications, the specification usually they take as given. The process could be seen as a kind of proof of nonconsequence since the entities must satisfy the specification since they usually invent entities and check if the entities satisfy given specifications, rather than they deduce the entities from the specifications. In this paper, we argue that this similarities between the proof of nonconsequence and the design process are essential, and they makes it possible to formulate the design process in an abstract way. Addition to the above argument, we formulate the logical relation between heterogeneous specifications as heterogeneous logic based on a mathematical theory of design called Abstract Design Theory (ADT), and discuss about such logic in a reasoning system called Hyperproof. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 13:57:05 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1414 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1430 We motivate the Thesis : more knowledge is obtained by belief than from logical reasoning. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 14:04:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1430 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1445 Most models of mathematics and physics are incomplete, because they lack a description of their Basis : their system of Reference. The reference system specifies the nature of our involvement in the observation, which determines the singularities of the system, thus the potentials and limitations of any specific model. As each model reflects our nature, the lack of understanding of the nature of our involvement - in our understanding - backfires in unforeseen side-effects of that model. The problems caused to Nature, by contemporary science, is the result of the igroring of the role of our involvement in nature, and the nature of our involvement in the models we make. By making the nature of the reference system that we prefer to use explicit, such problems can be resolved and prevented. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 14:21:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1445 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1462 The human brain and the perceived dimensionality of space-time form a self-referential system: the brain is the product of biological evolution ; it is an object that survived under the prevailing conditions when the mutations occurred that caused its existence. A major component of these conditions is the environment, which includes the dimensionality of space-time. On the other hand, the ability of the brain to perceive the dimensionality of space-time may be limited by some inherent properties of the brain, and our perception of dimensionality may be inaccurate. I explore here the possibilities that this dimensionality is actually different from 4. In particular, the possibility of 2 dimensions of time and 4 dimensions of space is explored. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 14:52:21 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1462 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1471 The discrete path approach has recently been use to obtain a closed form solution for two simultaneous difference equations with variable coefficients. We apply this result to the solution of the discretized harmonic oscillator and recover the well known traditional solutions. In the process we learn how the enumerative discrete path solution transforms into a more convenient compact analytic closed form. The discrete path approach is specially adapted to problems with mixed boundary conditions like those arising in the modeling of anticipatory systems. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 15:04:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1471 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1482 We believe the quantum functional device to be a future perspective device, if we solve the problems that it has nowadays. We will summarize such problems with several discussions from the viewpoint of circuit and system. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 15:13:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1482 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1511 So-called hidden variables introduced in quantum mechanics by Louis de Broglie and David Bohm have been revived in the recent works by the author. The start viewpoint was the following: All the phenomena, which we observe in the quantum world, should reflect structural properties of the real space. Thus the scale 10-28 cm at which fundamental interactions intersect has been treated as the size of a building block of the space. The mechanics of a moving particle that has been constructed is deterministic by its nature and shows that the particle interacts with cells of the space creating elementary excitations called "inertons" in a cellular substrate. The existence of inertons has been verified experimentally. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 10:30:19 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1511 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1523 In a previous communication [1], G. NIBART (2001) has proposed a general definition of infinite momentum frames (IMF) from a mathematical point of view which allows to consider IMF with any number of dimensions. In the present communication, we try to build a new concept of space time with IMF. For this purpose, we study some assumptions about infinite momentum frames having n dimensions (IMF-n) : a) usual referential frames can be deduced from IMF-n (with n ≥ 4), b) IMF basis vectors can be associated to spinors. We also illustrate some particular IMF-n instances with the following examples: definition of spinors in an IMF-2, expression in an IMF-2 of the longitudinal Doppler effect including the case of tachyons, and application of IMF-6 to the "6 dimensional universe" [2] which has been defined by G. NIBART (2000). Mon, 15 Jul 2024 10:43:48 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1523 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1726 Because a scalar potential of a gravitational field has a unit of a specific energy (J/kg), the problem of unification of potential fields has been transformed into the problem of unification of specific potential energies of a particle in a multi-potential field. Consequently, the parameter α and α' of GLT model become the functions of a unified specific potential energy in a multi-potential field. Since all items like field tensors and Klein, Gordon and Fock equation are functions of parameters α and α', these items can be applied to multi-potential fields. Thus, a field tensor of a unified specific potential energy of a particle in central symmetric electromagnetic and gravitational fields in vacuum is derived. Finally, it has been shown that a momentum equation of photons will remain unchanged even if the photons may have the mass. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:18:53 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1726 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1732 We propose a new mechanism in nuclear reactions where fusion is accompanied by light particle emission (in the early stage of nuclear reaction), decay by multi fragmentation or fission of the fused system. This mechanism was suggested by the existing experimental data obtained in nuclear reactions for fission, deep inelastic transfer, fusion, compound nucleus decay, gamma spectroscopy multi fragmentation, etc. We want only, by an iterative procedure, obtain new and more insights for collective nuclear forces, or new properties of nuclear matter and finally for the nuclear forces. We underline some of nuclear reactions characteristics, and based on these experimental evidences we give two postulates which define the nuclear interaction between two heavy ions (two pieces of nuclear matter). With these two axioms, we are able to understand in a frame of the new reaction mechanism, the experimental data obtained in nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions like : subcoulombian (subbarrier) fusion, superdeformation, fire balls, nuclear deformation in spectroscopy studies, deep inelastic reactions, etc. We mention that all of our efforts is to make a separate analysis, as much as it is possible, for nuclear forces, pure nuclear one. The superposition of "the well known electromagnetic interaction" with nuclear interaction one may not be a simply addition of the two fields (of different nature). Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:29:15 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1732 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1763 The Heavy Ion collision give in final many different products. Recent experimental data (which confirm older ones) suggests the existence in the reaction of particles emitted with energy close to kinematics limit (Particles Near Kinematics Limit PNKL). We are able to interpret this "strange" part of the spectra in terms of new fusion mechanism for heavy ion fusion reactions. The probability of emission of PNLK is related to the first stage of the reaction. The properties of first moments of the live of the new fused object are inferred from the general principles. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:18:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1763 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1771 Faster than light tachyons are generaly considered as hypothethical particles. Bradyons, subluminal particles, are part of our common world. We are interested in the interaction between bradyons and tachyons, assuming they exist. The collision between them is well described by the conservation of energy and momentum. Bradyons are caracterized by rest mass m or fundamental energy (c = 1) ; tachyons by pseudo-mass M or fundamental momentum. A bradyon initially at rest is supposed to absorb a tachyon. The bradyon then recoils with a kinetic energy T given by T = M2/2m depending only of two fundamental constants m and M. This would be the base of the tachyo-electric effect. We consider in this paper the possible symetry between bradyons and tachyons. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:34:08 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1771 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1784 According to the standard interpretation of the special theory of relativity, space and time form a unity, which is described by the so-called Minkowski geometry. Using a distinction between inside and outside views, an alternative interpretation of special relativity can be formulated. This interpretation is connected to the construction of an outside view of space-time, which is described by a 4-dimensional and fully Euclidean geometry. The construction of an outside view also for general relativity is attempted, the basis for which lies in the assumption that the speed of light in a gravitational field - as seen from the outside - depends on gravitational potential and on direction. Finally, it is argued that the suggested outside view might serve as a basis for new approaches in the philosophy of space and time. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:41:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1784 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1798 The management of industrial systems involves decision making with respect to complex processes that are often stochastic in nature. Simulation is frequently the only effective mean to model the complexity of such industrial processes. Simulation enables detailed scenario testing and, thus, is well suited for "what if" analysis. However, industrial users often need to solve inverse problems, such as optimization or decision analysis, which cannot be handled by simulation alone. This paper proposes the integrated use of simulation and Artificial Intelligence techniques in hybrid system architectures for advanced industrial problem solving. Hybrid Decision Support Systems (DSSs), combine the complementary strengths of different techniques for integrated forecasting ,modeling, and optimization. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:51:31 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1798 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1805 The definitions of two versions of uncertain logics and variables are given. The review of main concepts and results concerning the application of the uncertain variables to the analysis and decision making in a class of systems with unknown parameters in their mathematical models is presented. The special and related problems concerning the application to pattern recognition and operation systems, the learning processes and the distributed knowledge representation are described. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 15:59:05 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1805 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2007 A new anticipatory control algorithm is presented to address an important challenge emerging in deregulated power systems, that is, matching power demand in a local area grid with the power delivered by a (local) power plant. A neural network anticipatory controller for a model power plant is coupled with a neural network time-series forecaster which prescribes power output for the grid. The goal of the system is to keep inadvertent flow of power across a control area's boundary as small as possible. If a difference exists between the power supplied and the power demanded in a control area, the load deficit or surplus would be either borrowed from or stored as the kinetic energy in rotating machines in the grid. The results presented show that the anticipatory approach may lead to substantial savings in maintenance and significant reliability gains. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:56:34 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2007 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2013 The anticipatory aspect of industrial economic steering systems, and the corresponding new models, centres on increased accuracy in determining the individual performance measurements used in long and short term steering activities. This study discusses the application of Activity-Based Costing in creating more accurate systems, its main economic indicators on different hierarchical levels, and the extension of these approaches, to the total models, required in industrial processes and factories. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 15:05:00 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2013 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2022 The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to creative design. The process of designing simulates the evolutionary process at the genotype level. Structures of designed objects are represented by means of graphs as genotypes. This representation of genotypes forces new interesting extensions of genetic operators. The modified crossover operator is the major computational engine of genetic algorithms. Possibilities of application of evolutionary methods and graph transformations in industrial design are presented. Our approach is illustrated by examples from the case study of chair design with the use of an evolutionary graph-based design-system. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 15:13:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2022 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2027 This paper deals with the connection between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and Lyapunov exponents describing the microscopic dynamics of particle systems, and the quantities characterizing the macroscopic properties of the systems. The problem of creation and destruction of information and the connection of these processes with Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy are analysed. The Lyapunov exponents which are also the measure of chaotic behaviour are related to the average loss or gain of information. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 15:27:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2027 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2036 Two modes of weak anticipation are applied to production systems. When such a system is being designed both the modes interact. If simulation support is applied, the interaction causes that a system with simulating elements is simulated, i.e. one meets nesting simulation models. In other words, when we anticipate the system existence we should take into account the fact that anticipation will exist in the system during its operation stage. Although the essential problems related to the nesting of simulation models have been solved, some obstacles remain. They are rather of a psychological character and they can exist during the design of any system. For the branch of production systems, they are diminished by a simulation system REFLECTIVE QNOP, the principles of which are described in the present paper. Fri, 26 Jul 2024 15:31:18 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2036 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2043 Aiming at developing a theoretical framework for the formal study of NP-hard optimisation problems, we have focused on structural properties of optimisation problems related to approximative issue. From the observation that, intuitively, there are many connections among categorical concepts and structural complexity notions, in this work we present a categorical approach to cope with some questions originally studied within Computational Complexity Theory. After defining the polynomial time soluble optimisation problems category OPTS and the optimisation problems category OPT, we introduce a comparison mechanism between them following the basic idea of categorical shape theory, in such way the hierarchical structure of approximation to each optimisation problem can be modelled. Fri, 26 Jul 2024 15:48:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2043 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2051 In the present paper, for constructing the minimum risk estimators of state of stochastic systems, a new technique of invariant embedding of sample statistics in a loss function is proposed. This technique represents a simple and computationally attractive statistical method based on the constructive use of the invariance principle in mathematical statistics. Unlike the Bayesian approach, an invariant embedding technique is independent of the choice of priors. It allows one to eliminate unknown parameters from the problem and to find the best invariant estimator, which has smaller risk than any of the well-known estimators. Also the problem of how to select the total number of the observations optimally when a constant cost is incurred for each observation taken is discussed. To illustrate the proposed technique, an example is given. Fri, 26 Jul 2024 16:07:39 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2051 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2055 In this paper Inertia as a global parameter of system and process is considered. Beginning with the mechanical and electrical processes where a time-delay phenomena appears, the authors give a new definition of Inertia : The Inertia is the system global internal parameter, which produces the entropy increase, as the effect of input variation. The definition is based on system information measurement, to appreciate the level of organization against the entropy. This definition allows analyzing the different systems and determining the major effect on the quality of the processes. Fri, 26 Jul 2024 16:15:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2055 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2063 Several information measures have been used as the criteria in information theory, statistics and various fields of engineering. Especially an information divergence has been well used as the measure of the difference between two probability distributions. In this paper, we propose the pseudo information divergence, which functions as usual information divergence, if two measured probability distributions are in some family of specific distributions. We introduce an example of the pseudo information divergence, and apply it to the problem of training multi-layer perceptrons from the data with the gross error noise. Mon, 29 Jul 2024 10:47:59 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2063 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2069 Based on the Rosen's definition (Rosen 1985), anticipation "is based on having a predictive model of the system you're trying to control ...". In case of complex systems, for which analytical models either do not exist or are based on too strong assumptions, anticipation is based either on simulation models or mental models. The paper deals with one particular simulation study whose main objective is to form a part of a decision support system for water management. In particular water demand related processes and their links to economy of a small Mediterranean country are studied and simulated. Simulation models axe expressed by system dynamics and implemented by the visual simulation tool PowersimTM. Mon, 29 Jul 2024 10:59:03 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2069 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2074 Transitions have been studied in physics, mathematical system theory, automata theory, Petri nets, and many other theories - and they are always introduced with reference to the states of a given system. But usually the notion of 'state' is defined in an abstract way which is not related to a general formal notion of 'time' in the actual system description. That causes many problems in applications. By contrast, in this paper the author introduces transitions in conceptual time systems mainly as pairs of time objects. Then transitions between situations, states, time states, and phases can be induced easily. That leads to very effective temporal representations of processes, as demonstrated by, for example, applications in an air-conditioning plant. Mon, 29 Jul 2024 11:17:06 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2074 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2080 In this paper, we deal with intuitively simple properties of the limit figures of two-dimensional inhomogeneous quadratic transformations. The divergence-convergence boundary of homogeneous quadratic transformations was investigated in detail in Da-te (1978). In an inhomogeneous case, there exist, possibly, the region of initial points converging to a fixed point other than the origin due to the linear terms. Then, there appears a boundary with a finite area as a limit figure. Next, in certain cases, the convergence regions or the divergence regions consist of infinite number of separated regions. We show the examples of the properties, and investigate them. Mon, 29 Jul 2024 11:29:00 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2080 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1207 Mon, 08 Jul 2024 13:57:54 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1207