http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=82 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:31:59 +0200 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 16:50:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=82 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1722 Viable systems may be seen as third order cybernetic systems of coherent social organisations that are able to dynamically survive. Part of their survival process involves anticipation that is embedded in their logical models. The development of viable systems often occurs despite their inability to develop common patterns of knowledge for their world view holders. This has means that new anticipatory processes must be activated, when their viability may be endangered. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 13:31:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1722 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1724 A process of competition is commonly understood as a rivalry between companies in order to find a client, that means a buyer of offered goods on the market. This process is an integral part of market economy. Contemporary companies follow obligatory market rules, co-forming a process called adaptation, which means adapting a company to present conditions of its economic activity. Mechanism of competition is an economic controller of both adaptation and anticipation processes. Moreover, it can be said that adaptation is a short-term process of changes, whereas anticipation a long terms process. Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:05:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1724 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1823 The spatial dimension of human settlements and establishments raises special decision problems in planning situations. Often there are multitudes of different criteria that have to be considered. Real world phenomena, in opposite to phenomena of an idealised mathematical or abstract world, are often vague, contradictory, and incomprehensible. Further, decisions about our physical environment often are of a multi criteria nature. We have in earlier research developed and tested the Ordered Weighted Average Procedure (OWA-procedure) for decision support in complex localisation decisions in physical planning outgoing from the basic methodologies for a multi criteria fuzzv decision support that already have been developed. However, the OWA-procedure in its current form is not able to capture the full complexitv of most real decision situations. Some shortcomings of the OWA-procedure are its inability to consider several interesting parts and combine criteria from different system levels. For example, a location which is verv suitable for an individual land owner or establisher may have severe drawbacks from the point of view of others stakeholders or even the whole community. In order to make OWA more suitable for those common situations the prototype is extended with functions for averaging between different value sets and cross level impact analysis. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 09:15:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1823 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1826 Human Resource Management (HRM) is concerned with the effective and efficient use of the organization's human resources. We cover the overall Human Resource Management function in our 7 R Structure with a focus on knowledge management and resourcing for organizational needs. 1. Recruitment 2. Renumeration and Rewards 3. Relations People 4. Relations Systems 5. Relations Corporate Communication 6. Retreat and Development 7. Research and Restructuring Wed, 17 Jul 2024 09:24:07 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1826 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1829 The most important aspect of any industrial application of models has to be considered to consist of its ability to predict as accurately as possible the resource or economic behaviour of the process under investigation (Fogelholm, 1999, p.543). The probably most useful scientific tool to judge the accuracies or calculate the complexities of the various input elements of any industrial process, the systematic treatment of these inputs in the form of a model, and thus also of the final output, has to be considered to consist of the application variety analysis. Variety is defined as the number of possible states of whatever it is whose complexity we want to measure (Beer, 1990, p.32). In this paper the usefulness of decision-making information of industrial economic processes will be studied from this perspective. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 09:37:14 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1829 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1831 Anticipatory Modelling and Computing (AMC) is identified as the key difference between Popper's Bucket Theory of Science (BTS) and his Searchlight Theory of Science (STS). In analysing relevant research about intelligence and knowledge, it is found that computer based AMC may be successfully applied in order to enhance human learning and knowledge handling according to the STS paradigm. A preliminary design of such an Anticipatory Searchlight Engine (ASE) is developed. It is based on an icosahedric fractal model. A computer implementation of ASE is proven quite straightforward and feasible. However, the current one needs additional elaboration. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 09:47:23 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1831 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1832 This papers analyses stresses for change in the control engineering education and proposes some solutions based on a broader use of experiments and guided individual or teamwork of students in laboratories. It is starting with analysis of the institutional context of education in the control area and continuing with some examples of the author's experience in building up control experiments. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 10:04:18 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1832 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1834 We present a new approach to get bounds on the service cycle time in acyclic forkjoin queueing networks. The approach is based on (max,+)-algebra representation of network dynamics and involves analysis of limiting behaviour of a product of random matrices. As a result, a new upper bound on the cycle time is established which takes into consideration the network topology. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 10:13:10 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1834 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1927 Management Science (MS) is a science concerned with the problem of the effective guiding of human systems. As a matter of fact, the word management comes from the Italian maneggiare meaning to guide something with the hand (Latin manus). Setting goals and making decisions in human systems to guide them to achieve these goals in the most effective and efficient way is a core activity of MS. Now, in order to fulfill this "guiding" task MS has to predict human behavior, i.e., it has to anticipate how people within and without a given organization will react to a particular policy, strategy or decision. In order to predict behavior MS has emulated science which has shown to be a powerful approach to the prediction and guidance (control) of natural and man-made systems. In so doing, MS has gained the reputation in the Western world of possessing real effective ("scientific") knowledge to guide human systems. In this paper we want to argue that this reputation is ill-founded since it is based on a fiction, namely, that the behavior of human systems can be predicted or even anticipated (i.e., weak anticipation as defined by Dubois (2000))! Consequently, if this criticism is well grounded, at least two possibilities are opened to MS. One is to dismantle its whole fictitious project and "close the shop". Another possibility for MS is to rethink itself in the light of this criticism and orient its efforts towards a new whole endeavor. In this regard, a new conception of management is suggested, one that pays heed to the mystery of reality (i.e. reality is inherently unknowable) and the finitude of man and, accordingly, becomes concerned with the continuous, changing, unpredictable character of social reality. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:14:53 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1927 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1929 This paper analyzes the effect of productivity on profitability at the firm level through the construction of an anticipatory framework/model, based on Gold's model. It is a Total Productivity Measurement (TPM) model, which directly measures and relates productivity with long-term profitability (defined as the Shareholder Value Added-SVA) and uses dynamic productivity ratios and their effects on profitability in value terms. The proposed model could support management at the business unit level in their strategic decision making process (the formulation and evaluation of proposed future strategies), and the evaluation of current strategies (the performance measurement and improvement process), and could close the gap between strategy development and its implementation. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:26:03 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1929 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1932 Twenty years of Agoramétrie survey research in France on opinions concerning social conflict has shown that a small set of approximately 40 "trunk" questions appear in each annual sample of media coverage of social conflicts, independent of economic crises, international or political crises, or other environing events. These trunk questions – such as "are there too many immigrant workers", "are doctors trust-worthy", "should women have the same rights as men", "are politicians corrupt" – appear as basic human interrogations concerning society, and the use of the Agoramétrie method in Great Britain, Russia and Costa Rica reinforces this surprising result. The trunk questions define an overall structure with two fundamental dimensions: first, an opposition between an ouverture toward society and its problems(social problems and conflicts can be addressed and dealt with) and closure ("we were better off in the past"); second, an opposition between emotive/conflictual and nonemotive/cooperative reactions to social conflict. Research results show that this general structure is scale independent, apparently of unlimited applicability to human society, and very similar to human cerebral affect asymmetry. These results imply that we are in the presence of a fractal phenomenon and we will try to develop some of the sociological implications such as possible interpretations of a power law and a fractal dimension. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:41:23 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1932 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1963 A mathematical model for a random population has been developed and implemented in computer simulations of group bias within populations. For uncorrelated categorical attribution and bias, althought he average bias characterizing different populations may differ dramatically, groups within a given population are found to have remarkably similar biases. For correlated categorical attribution and bias, the tendency of the groups within a given population to have similar biases is reduced. That is, groups within a population now exhibit a greater range of biases. This latter model, which is based upon assumptions that are more realistic, thus leads to results that are more realistic. Thu, 18 Jul 2024 09:38:39 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1963 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1964 To understand the real picture of the deformation of materials and to efficiently control their properties there should be uniting approaches. We developed an approach that was based upon the combination of the computer simulation with the physical experiment. Computer simulation was done using the originally designed "Cellular Model"; several new geometric objects (such as "Cloud of internal stresses","Thick yield surface") were introduced for the in-depth understanding and predicting of the structure – properties interconnection. Thu, 18 Jul 2024 09:55:08 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1964 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1968 This paper builds on the previous results achieved in designing pole assignment controllers for the lst and the 2nd order systems with constrained control signal. By examining properties of the control loop with the reduced relative degree of the original plant, it prepares methodology for applying the achieved results for controlling higher order systems with constained input. The success of the relative degree reduction by introduction of a fictive output that involves derivatives of the original output is shown to be dependent on the anticipation of the working range of the controlled system. Thu, 18 Jul 2024 10:03:44 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1968 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1970 In this work we present a classical evolution equation for the movement of oil slicks in marine water in its second phase (Fay, 1969), and, setting it in its variational formulation, discretize it with a view towards the use of the Finite Element Method(using first degree approximations for oil concentration). For simulating marine currents, special upwinding techniques are adopted so as to eliminate main oscillations caused by numerical options. These currents are given by the solution of Stokes' equation using second order finite elements for velocities and discontinuous piecewise constant elements. Boundary conditions are obtained from data presented in (Furtado,1978). Resulting currents were then used for a qualitative simulation so as to verify the model comparing it to registered information (CETESB, 1996). Thu, 18 Jul 2024 10:13:07 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1970 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1973 The errors of machine tools on product arise from some source types which directly affect the structure of machine, the tool, the piece and the translation systems. An accurate design can control many of these sources but the thermal ones are yet critical. Many solutions were proposed to control them from the design state either by hardware or by software. The software methods are based on processing the temperature signals of the structure till to compensate the error between piece and tool. The AA. Have performed many particular solutions and in the recent years they have experimented TEC by fuzzy system whose rules vary by a neural network or by an anticipatory model. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 08:30:48 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1973 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1977 A procedure for calculating load distribution on oblique contact lines of helical gear teeth is introduced. The effect of both machining errors and profile modification is accounted for. The procedure is based upon stiffness calculation and assumes that the sum of tooth deflection profile modification and machining errors at the pairs of contacting teeth are all equal. It is also assumed that the sum of the normal loads contributed by each pair of contracting teeth is equal to the total normal load. A detailed case study is outlined to explain the procedure. Experimental substantiation to prove the validity of the procedure is also introduced, where tooth fillet stresses were measured using strain gauges and the results were compared with those obtained from the procedure. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 08:40:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1977 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1980 In the present paper, for optimization of interval estimators, a new technique of invariant embedding of sample statistics in a loss function is proposed. This technique represents a simple and computationally attractive statistical method based on the constructive use of the invariance principle in mathematical statistics. Unlike the Bayesian approach, an invariant embedding technique is independent of the choice of priors. The aim of the paper is to show how the invariance principle may be employed in the particular case of finding the interval estimators that are uniformly best invariant. The technique proposed here is a special case of more general considerations applicable whenever the statistical problem is invariant under a group of transformations, which acts transitively on the parameter space. This technique may be used for constructing the minimum risk estimators of state of computing anticipatory systems. To illustrate the proposed technique, examples are given. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:08:39 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1980 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1982 We discuss AI-based and related approaches to problem-solving for an allocation design problem, with which fuel managers at nuclear power plants are faced on a peri-annual basis: how to position fuel-units in the reactor core (whose planar section is a symmetric grid), to achieve better. And usually better performance during the operation period up to the next EOC point (end of cycle), when over a new downtime period the allocation problem will have to be solved again. Forecasting in this domain is not accurate enough to enable the preparation of robust solutious before the reactor has actually been shut down, and the depletion degree of the fuel-units, let alone their possibly damaged status. can be ascertained. Various approaches exist. Westinghouse's LPOP is based on backcalculation from a target power-distribution. In contrast, the FUELCON expert system (Galperin and Nissan, 1988) applies hyperrecursion on a heuristic ruleset to generate alternative candidate solutions by the hundreds, these being then simulated for parameter prediction, and visualised as "clouds" of dots in the plane of power peaking and cycle length. Its successor, FUELGEN (Zhao, 1996 sqq), applies evolutionary computing, again by hyperrecursion. Arguably anticipation - and thus hyperincursion because of its being joint with hyperrecursion - apply to both FUELCON and FUELGEN: during the operation cycle (other than at downtime periods), state observability not obtaining for such variable which require direct inspection, current state estimates are based on those parameters which are observable, along with the forecast that was obtained by simulation at downtime, so that current state estimates partly depend on future states. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:38:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1982 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1988 Great Lakes reservoirs system is a complex natural system containing alarge percentage of the fresh water resources of the world. It is located in Canada and U.S.A. serving about 40 Million people and is managed by an International Joint Commission made up of engineers from these two countries. Management of this system is still based on rule curves and much more could be done to improve this situation. The system is complex also due to highly differing scales of variables, nonlinearity, uncertainty, and dimensionality. An implicit stochastic method is applied using successive approximation optimization to obtain the optimal state and control variables of the reservoirs using the 90 years monthly data. However, when simulating the derived policies a re-optimization in each time period is needed due to inequalities and nonlinear relations existing among variables. The optimal values obtained from simulation are used as input-output data in training an Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for one of the months that required a non-constant release policy. ANFIS derives the general operating rules of the reservoirs in the form of fuzzy "if-then" rules. The parameters of a Sugeno-type Fuzzy Inference system (FIS) are optimized through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using back-propagation learning algorithm and least square method. The model of our system is anticipatory in nature given the fact that we base our current decision from the expectation of a future state.In this paper, we discuss the various aspects related to our implementation and the computational issues. Simulation of operating policies obtained from the ANFIS model, and comparison of its performance with other policies shows the potential capability of the proposed approach to tackle optimal operations of the system. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:50:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1988 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1992 This paper shows an integrated computer aided approach to the modelling, simulation, automatic drawing and optimization of a typical mechanical devices. The computer model of a spring and a gear-box have been developed using the Powersim simulation software. With the use of the computer model of a device, the work of simulation is easily and precise. The results of the simulation should be then represented in form of drawing. Using AutoLISP language existing in AutoCAD software, special programs have been developed for automatic drawing of the devices. The designer can now anticipate the future results of his calculations and check the fitness of his decisions taking during the calculation and simulation process. Looking for an optimal solution, the designer can easy redesign the whole mechanical system this way that the device satisfies any optimization criterion applied. Development of a computer model of a mechanical device makes the process of design and optimization easy, attractive and more precise. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:58:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1992 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1995 It has been over ten years since the first workflow product was introduced. Despite the large number of workflow vendors and various research efforts all over the world, as well as the hype about the workflow market, workflow technology is still far pervasive. This paper approaches workflow systsms and assesses the situation from the technical point of view, focusing on the development and enactment aspects of workflow processes. We discuss the current capabilities of workflow products, major issues that need to be addressed before workflow can be pervasive, as well as possible future trends and research that will help workflow succeed. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 13:44:53 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1995 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1997 Adaptive hypermedia are suitable to offer flexible Web-based courses and can be useful to solve problems associated with the use of educational hypermedia as the inability to satisfy heterogeneous needs, match a web course to students and build different courses from a set of hypermedia materials. In this context, a framework based on Automata Theory and Category Theory named Hyper-Automaton is defined in order to create a semi-automated system for developing Web Courses. Courses are (nondeterministic finite) automata with output and links between pages are automata transitions (not HTML source) and thus, reusing the instructional material is straighforward. The categorial constructions of products, coproducts, limits, colimits, restriction, relabeling and reification morphisms have meaningful interpretation as constructors to define (possible complex) hypertext documents for web courses. Then we show how adaptive web courses (i.e., courses that adapt itself according to the behavior of the student) can be defined in this framework using categorial operations for adaptive presentation (or content-level adaptation) and adaptive navigation (or link-level adaptation). Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:04:09 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1997 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2000 In this work we present digital circuits (logical gates COMPLEMENT, AND, OR) inspired in a class of paraconsistent annotated logics Pτ. These circuits allow "inconsistent" signals in a nontrivial manner in their structure. Such circuits consist of six states; due the existence of literal operators to each of them, the underlying logic is functionally complete; it is a many-valued and paraconsistent (at least "semantically") logic. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:21:39 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2000 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2002 This work is a sequel to some previous results obtained by us concerning implementation of paraconsistent electronic circuits. We investigate a projected circuit called Paraconsistent Analyzer Module (PAM) based on a kind of paraconsistent annotated logics. It was implemented by using CMOS transistors and its major function is to detect inconsistent (contradictory) signals and give a non-trivial treatment to these situations, provided by a multivalued and paraconsistent logic that underlies these studies. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:30:52 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2002 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2003 By observing the operational power of the well known structures of the "Bond- Graphs" it is rather obvious that they can bring a valuable help for the topological configurations of the operational storage of informations, that are equivalent to modulations. At first we survey the main specificities of the « Bond-Graphs » used in the energetics for the description of the energy and power flows. From this starting point we deduce the basic influence of the dual structure of the associated variables for describing any kind of flows. Consequently following the duality path, we reach the tensor spaces where the products of covariant and contravariant factors produce invariante ones, what is the essential property of these tensor configurations. Afterward. an operational analysis of the modulations can also show their intrinsic dual constitution. We let also discover the formal analogy between modulation and any classification of information. This important constatation underlines the mutual influence between the kind of the used key referentials (covariant frame) and the deep structure of the memorized knowledges (contravariant quantity). Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:42:57 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2003 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2004 The phenomenon of causality is omnipresent in language, philosophy and science and it seems to be a core, fundamental idea in common-sense thinking. In this paper the nature of causality is investigated and some characteristics of this concept are presented. Particular attention is also paid to applications in diagnostic reasoning. Causality provides bases for diagnostic inference and explanation of failures through search in the direction against causal influences. From logical point of view, this can be considered as abductive inference. A core, generic model of the search space is built as an AND/OR/NOT causal graph speciffing the structure that is used to establish diaposes. Such a graph constitutes a schematic representation of causal influences among symptoms and incorporates logic-like functions for combining influences of multiple symptoms. An illustrative example is presented to clarify most of the presented ideas. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 14:52:34 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2004 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2017 CADIAG-I, -II and -III (Computer-Assisted DIAGnosis) are diagnostic consultation systems, which, given a list of symptoms, signs, test results, and clinical findings for a patient, provide diagnostic hypotheses (confirmed, possible, and excluded) and proposals for further examinations (Adlassnig, 1980; Adlassnig et al., 1985b, 1986). One of their most important features is that the physician gains a greater awareness of rare diseases. In addition to being a consultation system, CADIAG-IV, the latest version of the CADIAG series supports comprehensive patient management and administration by use of the integrated patient data and medical knowledge base, MedFrame (Bögl, 1997; Kolousek, 1997). This framework consists of two major components: a class library for storing patient data and medical knowledge on the one hand, and a set of tools for implementing Client/Server-based medical consultation systems on the other. CADIAG-IV/Rheumatology is a part of the project CADIAG-IV. Its goal is to develop an Internet-based consultation system for decision support in the field of rheumatic diseases. A further goal that is closely linked with CADIAG-IV/Rheumatologyis the design and development of the medical consultation system shell, MedFrame/CADIAG-IV. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 15:05:15 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2017 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2026 The theory of Meta-Morphology introduces the concept of process patterns. The present contribution seeks to establish (some preliminaries for) an art-theoretical foundation for the design of large edifices of process patterns, or in other words, an Art Theory of Event-Scape Architecture. With this term, we combine Virilio's description of the Event-Landscape in his book by the same title, and Christopher Alexander's "A Foreshadowing of 21st Century Art", which analyses the pattern languages of ancient carpets. The purely metaphysical concept of Virilio's event-landscapes is transformed into practical graphical representations of process patterns that follow the style patterns of oriental carpets. This approach had earlier antecedents: deeper research into the culture-historical background of Alexander's work shows strong evidence that early Islamic art employed techniques to empathically evoke visions of exactly the (kind of) trans-temporal panorama of God's universe, which Virilio depicts, and this was part of the success story of early Islamic religion. In many respects, this visionary technique was quite alien to Christian occidental mentality which remained bound to visual pictorial representations. (With the possible exception of the spatio-iconography of gothic cathedrals). One could say that this was the most successfully hidden deep secret of Islam. During the decline of Islamic culture after about 1200, it seems to have become lost even to Islamic culture itself. Alexander's title: "Foreshadowing of 21st Century Art" implies that this secret of early Islamic Art is in the process of being rediscovered, as now the sciences and mathematics have advanced to a level where the outcome of the pioneering work of Al-Khwarizmi could be technologically spread to reach a large percentage of the population. The technics of programma (or algorismus) have now become common knowledge for a large percentage of the population. The, Art Theory of Event-Scape Architecture" is also expected to bring practical results, since computer software systems are large edifices of process patterns. Here, a more powerful practical graphic representation of process patterns would greatly enhance the control of the everincreasing complexity of software systems. Fri, 19 Jul 2024 15:23:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2026 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1721 Tue, 16 Jul 2024 13:16:31 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1721