http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=78 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:26:24 +0200 Tue, 18 Jun 2024 13:40:40 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=78 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=575 Chaos cannot be understood without constant reference to time. A better understanding of the 3 main abstractions that we use in relation to time (Past, Present and Future) is of basic importance. However chaos is mostly significant for our evaluation of future events: any hope for rigorously deterministic forecasting is not anymore realistic. But in any case, the chaotic crimps into general determinism do not destroy it utterly, because no event totally escapes from the structural and functional coherence of the system in which it occurs. Moreover, in complex systems, hierarchized levels of organization imply a hierarchy of determinisms and the most global ones impose some constraints upon the lesser ones. This leads to adaptability within coherence. An arithmetic model is proposed and some historic and present examples are given. As a final caveat, the uses but also the possible abuses ofthe concep ofchaos are discussed. Fri, 28 Jun 2024 10:03:58 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=575 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=584 The theorem stating that "the conditions for existence of a physical universe including conscious perception are provided by the empty set", is based on a sequence of proved lemmas. The space composed of the empty set (as constitutive member), and the set theory and general topology (as logical reasoning system), provides existence to connected topological n-spaces. Then, an observable universe can exist as a sequence of intersections (shown to be Poincaré sections) of such topological spaces owning nonequal dimensions. The Jordan-Veblen theorem states that pathes connecting the respective interiors of two closed spaces own nonempty intersections with their frontiers. Mappings of -members from one into another section provide order relations in the sequences of Sections, thus generating a physical arrow of time. Any two sections are connected by a momentum-type structure. Provided the Jordan's points of one closed space are the preimage-of a sequence of mappings, since the interior of such spaces is compact and connected, sequences converge to fixed points which account for mental images. The set of-fixedpoints. of such a closed also contains: (i) a Brouwer's type fixed points accounting for self-identitication of the closed ; (ii) a fractal component. The whole provides the corresponding closed with characteristics of a conscious self, with fractalaided retrieval of stored information, that is non-localized memory. This completes the proof. Consequently, also the Planetary-ecosystem, whose components arc living and nonliving structures involved in a set of functions, owns the structure of a mathematical space demonstrably provided with topologies and shown to be compact, complete, and connected, except if discontinuities are artificially provoked. The Weierstrass theorem states that it can reach its supremum, with maximization of richness and complementarity in the distribution of species and habitat, while the Bolzano theorem requires continuity to be fulfilled for this evolution. Finally, the Heine-Borel-Lebesgue property of compact spaces needs that mutualism is fullilled as a necessary ecological rule. Finally: (i).Life is -supported by converging sequences of closed topologies fulfilling- mathematical conditions. The corresponding mappings own at least a surjective step on the way to fixed points of neuronal chainings, but not in the reciprocal direction: therefore, these sequences are not symmetric since the fixed points would not be the same in both directions. This provides the biological arrow of time with the property of irreversibility, with respect to the conscious self ; (ii) The mathematical conditions for functionality of biological beings and of their ecosystems may appear as a purely conceptual "driving pulse" which has sometimes been interpreted in terms of a project or a "vitalistic" force, but which is more clearly accounting for an anticipatory process. Fri, 28 Jun 2024 11:41:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=584 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=587 A computational derivation of the Klein-Gordon quantum relativist equation and the Schrôdinger quantum equation with forward and backward space-time shifts was developed in Dubois (1999, 2000). The forward-backward space λ and time t shifts are related to a phase velocity u = λ/t. The ratio v/u, where v is a group velocity, is related to the mass of paticles: for v < u, particles have a real mass and for v = u, there is no mass, as for photons. In this paper, it is shown that this formalism gives rise to a quantum interpretation of the mass in relation with plane waves. Moreover there is a third case for mass of particle: when for v > u, particles have an imaginary mass, as for tachyons. From these considerations, we look at the possibility to develop a dual relativity including these three types of mass. Fri, 28 Jun 2024 12:11:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=587 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=743 This communication is the continuation of two papers (Garnier-Malet, 1998, 1999) which proposed a new model with several essential distinctive features. First, the observations are consequences of the universal principle of horizons and virtual motions of a system of spaces' horizons, which limits observations and interactions. Then, time is stroboscopic with periodical times of observation or interaction and periodical times of non-observation or non-observable interaction. This theoretical model dispose of basic notions and principles, however it never disposes of the existing laws. It introduces a set of periodical motions of embedded horizons, which would be fundamental for physics, as well for quantum mechanics as for relativistic mechanics. An application to the solar system (Garnier-Malet J.P., 1998) gave us the understanding of the physical reality of this geometry. It allowed us to explain in another way Kepler's three laws and the motion of planetary libration. lt also allowed us to rediscover the condition of the relativity theory in the solar system (the precessional motion of Mercury's orbit). This new model implies one solar cycle (24 840 years), which is going now to end (2017). Above all, it causes a junction between our solar system and the speed of light, which I could calculate in a theorical way. It gives me now the capability to propound a new theorem, which is already verified by two important astronomic observations. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 09:51:21 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=743 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=749 Recent investigations showed that even weak noise acting upon a nonlinear dynamical system can have a pronounced effect on its behaviour resulting in the transitions to a new state and in qualitative change in the system's properties, e.g., the transformation of an unstable equilibrium state into a stable one, and vice versa, the occurrence of multistability, noise-induced transport (stochastic ratchets), so-called stochastic resonance, and so on. The phenomenon of noise-induced transport is closely allied to the well-known problem of fluctuational transitions from one stable state to another. The theory of such transitions and examples of the phenomena indicated are considered. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 10:17:37 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=749 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=755 The mathematical models for different hierarchical levels of transport processes are discussed. The model equations with memory effects accounting are proposed. Such equations are hyperbolic modifications of the Burgers equation and the Navies- Stokes system. Also the new systems of ordinary differential equations are proposed for investigation memory effects influence on chaos. Some numerical examples of chaotical behaviour in such systems are included. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 10:44:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=755 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=761 A special theory of Relativity in the space-like region has been developed by R. Dutheil and A. Rachman (1,2,3,4) with the tensor formalism and using Tachyonic Referential Frames (TR-F). Now two different theories of Relativity built on two different metrics, define two different Lorentz groups which respectively transform two types of referential frames: Ordinary Referential Frames (ORF) for one theory, Tachyonic Referential Frames (TRF) for the other. The both theories of Relativity may describe the same event in the physical space: so they need to be unified. In some previous papers R. Dutheil and G. Nibart have shown that particles having a superluminal velocity, named tachyons [5,6] may exist [7] and do not violate the Causality Principle [8], and according to our reinterpretation principle, the Tachyon Bradyon Identity Principle (TBI Principle) [7] they will always be perceived by any natural observer, using Ordinary Referential Frames (ORF), as being antiparticles having a subluminal velocity. ln the present communication we attempt a unification of the time-like region theory and the space-like region theory into a six-dimensional manifold, where the Lorentz transformations are generalized. Here, the light barrier appears as a mathematical singularity that can be removed by a pure algebraical method which eliminates time coordinates (time and energy) from both four-dimensional theories. ln this new model, time (the function t) is not a coordinate, but it is an "observable" and by definition, it is not reversible. The equation of Klein, Gordon, and Fock can be written in a six dimensional manifold. The Dirac equation can also be written in a six dimensional manifold where it has more conveniently no negative energy solutions. Furthermore, a pair of particles - here a tachyon (i.e. an antiparticle) and a bradyon#can be considered as one unique event in a timeless six-dimensional space. As its wave function may propagate in two different physical ways, we think this new conception of a particle pair will soon break up the E.P.R. paradox. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 11:20:20 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=761 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=766 The time-dependent anticipatory simulations of charged particle flows and disturbances due to bodies in motion through magnetoplasma are discussed. The flows and disturbances are described on the basis of the Boltzmann equation. The equation is solved analytically in different specific cases taking into account the ambient electric and magnetic fields. The particle flows are evaluated on the basis of the obtained solutions. The distributions of mean densities and pressures of the flows are calculated in 3D space, the corresponding iso-surfaces are plotted. The time-dependent stratifications are described analytically for the charged particle flows across the ambient magpetic field. Developing flute structures are described analytically for the flows along the ambient magnetic fields. Anticipatory disturbances of charged particle flows due to the ambient flow interactions with bodies are simulated taking into account the ambient magnetic field effect. Effects of interactions between solid surfaces and charged particle flows have been simulated using the original image method (M.Ponomarjov, Planet. Space Sci.,43, 1419-1427, 1995; Physical Review E, 54, 5591-5598, 1996). The flow disturbances are described by the Boltzmann equation. ln the case of the homogeneous ambient magnetic field the Boltzmann equation is solved analytically. Different specific cases of the particle interactions with solid surfaces are considered in detail. These cases are: (i) absorbing, (ii) direct reflection and (iii) diffuse reflection of the particles impinging the solid surfaces. The disturbances of mean densities and pressures of the flows are calculated in 3D space, the corresponding iso-surfaces are plotted. The time-dependent stratifications of the disturbed flows are obtained analytically for the solid surface in motion across the ambient magnetic field. Developing flute structures of the disturted flows is predicted analytically for the solid surface in motion along the ambient magnetic fields. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 12:00:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=766 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=779 This paper outlines a theory of anticipation in autonomous systems. Our account of autonomous systems is designed to model the basic organisational form of life. Anticipation is an integral feature of the autonomy account, and is an important foundational concept for an interactivist-constructivist (I-C) theory of embodied intelligent agents. We present the basic conceptual framervork of the I-C approach to intelligence, including an account of directed processes, normativity as process closure, and self-directedness as the basis of intelligence and learning. Intelligence is understood as emerging through increasing self-directedness. Self-directed systems anticipate and evaluate their interaction flow, directively modifying the interaction process so as to achieve goals that regenerate or improve the system's autonomous closure conditions. Learning arises out of the drive to improve anticipation, which starts by being contextual, vague, and implicit, and becomes increasingly articulated and explicit as the system constructs anticipative models and goals for managing and evaluating interaction. Cognitive development occurs through self-directed anticipative learning (SDAL), in which a pushme-pullyou effect is generated as increasingly rich anticipation increases the directedness of learning by improving error localisation, context recognition and the construction of improved anticipation. The paper concludes with an introduction to a general anticipatory conception of intentional agency, and a correlative critical appraisal of Rosen's pioneering analysis of anticipation. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 12:42:24 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=779 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=936 In the beginning, a short survey of general semiotics is given in modern terminology. The broad spectra of signs and of descriptive semiotics are reviewed with special emphasis on biological applications. It is shown that a tool for description and analysis in modern mathematical biology must offer a chance to handle structures and patterns in an adequate and comfortable manner; hence fundamental "pattern-related operations" are characterized. A discussion of the role of information in biology leads to the concept of pragmatic information, which is also studied in its relations with other perspective notions, like meaning, interpretation, and complexity. Finally, arguments are given for the position that biology cannot be completely grounded upon or reduced to physics; at the same time, cues for a future research are presented which may lead to a unified description of biological and other processes. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:36:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=936 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=942 The overall information processing capacity of an organism is proposed as a conceptual criterion for its complexity. The apparent tendency of complexity increase during the course of evolution is accounted for in terms of positive feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, the different modes of evolution of biological complexity are identified as: The ongoing appearance of more complex species in case of abundance of resources, pausing of the complexity increase when the limits of the resources are reached in a relatively isolated environment, and the extinction of some of the complex species due to lack of sufficient resources. All arguments concerning the definition of complexity and its non-decreasing character are based on concepts like information processing, maintenance of organisation and the related energy expenditures. As a result of these arguments it is concluded that complex adaptations have a teleonomic nature. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:56:01 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=942 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=952 The concept of an organized system and the historical review of the problem are presented. The concept explains biological phenomena and cybernetics systems in a point of view of functional organization. Cybernetics and information theory consider physical and chemical transformations of energy and matter in organized systems only as signals and a means for realization of some purposive informational control programs. Life (or Artificial Life) is considered to be an adaptive system that stores information. The more such a biological (or artificial) system (species) is effective in storing and using information, the fitter the programs are. Evolution of systems from non-organized and dissipative transformations through elementary organized-regulators, programmed controllers, servo-controllers up to anticipatory systems is discussed. The elementary functional components of a biological cell, a multicellular organism, and an animal are analysed as organized system Mon, 01 Jul 2024 15:28:37 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=952 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1517 Different mechanisms of the biosphereevolution are described in this article. The physical evolution which is the increasing of energyflow passing through the biosphere plays main role before the origin of man.This increasing is a consequence of perfection of photosynthetic possibilities of plant communities and of all biosphere system. It is shown that ihe life uses optimal evolutionary ways for physical evolution and, hence, optimal behavioural reactions in every moment of evolutionary time. The ultra-rate evolution of the modern biosphere is connected with a human activity which is not possible without informational exchange between individuals. This exchange leads to training of individuals to new ways of survival and, therefore,to modifications of ecological niches of humansub-populations and ecological licences of the biosphere. The mechanisms of both producing of new information in human community and dissemination of this information are considered. One of the important deductions of the such approach is the rates of these processes depend strongly on the parameter which is named as a priori values of information. The evolutionary modifications of the modern biosphere are interconnected not only with slow physical evolution but with very fast cognitive anticipatory evolution. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 10:33:48 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1517 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1527 One can never identify the basis of the performance of the other self. However, the other selfcan beapproved when one finds out (constitutes) such a basis. The concept of the other self is characterized by this intangibility of the basis of the performance and observer's inevitable understanding of it, and its investigation is to consider how to constitute the model to understand such a contradictory aspect. I considert hat the aspect of appearance of animal autonomy in an observer is the very appropriate model.Then, I have constituted some behavioral experiments and suggested a methodology for ‘the science to understand the other self'. This study deeply correlates with psychology and cognitive science that investigate the origin of the mind and representation. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 10:53:49 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1527 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1534 Every enterprise determines the objectives of its activity and operates in such a way as to make the defined and pursued objectives created favourable conditions for the most profitable effects. An enterprise is characterized by large internal complexity. At the same time it is subjected to many factors of various nature. They influence its competitiveness understood as a quality which determines the enterprise's abilities to create constant development tendency, productivity increase (measured on the micro scale) and to develop markets while the competitors offer goods or/and services which are: newer, better and cheaper. Enterprises - participants of the market game, make present operational decisions of strategic range, which refer to the future. Therefore, there is a necessity to carry out muli-parameter and multi-factor analysis of the current condition of the enterprise, market situation and mutual relations occuring between real market competitors. This, in turn, leads to the necessity of effective forecasting. Competitiveness, the enterprise's quality, is connected with the environment in which it operates. If we assume that the enterprise formulates competitiveness increase as its strategic goal we can state that at the same time it determines methods of its accomplishment closely related to the goal. These methods are designed to help the enterprise in running business effectively in market economy - now and in the future. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 12:04:25 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1534 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1551 The aim of this paper is to present the author's opinion on the methods used in scientific research whose results are to be applied in practice. It mainly refers to the research whose results describe global problems. This paper's role is also to attract attention to the necessity of system consideration of the anticipation problem (Adamkiewicz, 1997a, 1998b, 1998d, 1998c, 1998e). This view maybe justified on the basis of many sources as well as the author's own research. The process of economic, cultural and social globalization was given as an example of a process in which anticipation plays an essential role (Adamkiewicz, 1995a, 1996, 1997b, 1997e, 1998a, 1999b). Activity anticipating the future should at the same time involve a whole set of such processes. Separate consideration of every process included in the set leads to neglecting the effect of synergy (Adamkiewicz, 1997c, 1997d). At present each particle process is analysed separately applying the non system methods. These methods are in correct (Adamkiewicz, 1989, 1990a, 1990b, 1999c). It is a mistake to use, for example, Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory, Pareto's Rule and other methods (Adamkiewicz 1997a, 1999c). The discussed processes take place in arranged social-economic-technical systems. The author postulates the application of proper methods of their analysis. It refers to the theory of chaos due to the non-linear nature of the processes. It also refers to the forecasting methods applied in technical sciences. These methods, based on the theory of change, are the basis of current designing as concept preparation for any social, economic or technical activities. It is also important to draw the attention to the fact that after a period of fascination there is now a backward trend as far as system and cybernetics methods are concerned. Such harmful tendency maybe reversed by arousing interest in the philosophy of the East among certain groups of scientists. This philosophy, on the contrary to the philosophy of the West, is based on system perception of the world. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 14:53:04 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1551 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1569 This paper presents a systemic approach methodology called STIMEVIS for Structured Viable Systems and Metasystems towards the specification, verification, and distributed execution of workflows based on state and activily charts. The formal foundation of state and activity charts is exploited at three levels. At the specification level, the formalism enforces precise descriptions of business processes while also allowing subsequent refinements. In addition, precise specifications based on other methods can be automatically converted into state and activity charts. At the level of verification, state charts are amenable to the efficient method of model checking, in order to verify particularly critical workflow properties. Finally, at the execution level, a state chart specification forms the basis for the automatic generation of modules that can be directly executed in a distributed manner. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 14:58:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1569 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1582 In the paper, the simulation approach to decision support in enterprise has been described. The role of the subject in the modelling of a complex system is discussed. It shows that the main problem in the modelling of complex systems derives from the complexity of the systems themselves and not from the short comings of the particular methodology. The article continues with the general simulation model of the business system described by Forrester's system dynamics. The methodology is sufficiently abstact to allow a qualitative and quantitative analysis of system functioning through feedback loops. The multiple criteria function used for the evaluation of different scenarios was defined with the aid of a decision group using the group support system. The methodology was successfully tested on real cases. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 15:15:01 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1582 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1613 The real monetary economy is grounded upon monetary flow equilibration or the activity of actualizing monetary flow continuity at each economic agent except for the central bank. Every update of monetary flow continuity at each agent constantly causes monetary flow equilibration at the neighborhood agents. Every monetary flow equilibration as the activity of shooting the mark identified as monetary flow continuity turns out to be off the mark and constantly generate the similar activities in sequence. Monetary flow equilibration ceaselessly reverberating in the economy performs two functions. One is to seek an organization on its own, and the other is to perturb the ongoing organization. Monetary flow equilibration as the agency of seeking and perturbing its organizational so serves as a means of predicting its behavior. The likely organizational behavior could be the one that remains most robust against monetary flow equilibration as an agency of applying perturbations. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 15:53:33 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1613 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1640 Two general theories try to explain the economic life of firms – the business economics theory and the entrepreneurship theory. In this paper, both theories are examined to determine whether either of them, in their present form, is able to explain the complexity of economic life, and even more, to anticipate future states of economic reality for firms doing business in a rapidly changing environment. We argue that they have lost their predictive power and suggest that some paradigmatic shifts are to be undertaken. The common denominator of changes needed in business economics and entrepreneurship theory to fulfill the role of an inner predictive model is a shift from onesidedness to holism, by which the encoding of a business system will be improved. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:15:11 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1640 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1667 An introduction to an old system of distinction prepares for a Marketing minded discussion of low tech environments for participation. The goal is to define a common ground for alienated groups of actors who believe for instance in incompatible oracles. Productions of oracles from China and Africa are reconstructed as positions on gray maps. We propose to market large scale installations of this tool as landart for participation. We do not assume local availability of hard- or software. Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:27:29 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1667 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1620 Mon, 15 Jul 2024 15:59:46 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1620