http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=76 Full text issues fr Mon, 13 May 2024 16:21:45 +0200 Tue, 18 Jun 2024 13:37:09 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=76 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=4432 This paper begins with an introduction to the emergence of chaos in a game of evolution proposed recently (Dubois, 1998). The law of conservation of materials in nutrients and populations is used as an environmental closure. Malthusian growth is so transformed to a Pearl-Verhulst map. The game of evolution deals with the competition between a species with its successive mutants. Such a population with random mutations evolves when the ratio birth rateldeath rate of a mutant increases. Chaos appears in such an evolving ecosystem. In this paper, several new basic models of nutrients and population interaction are presented and simulated. Firstly, a second order Pearl-Verhulst is proposed : a second time derivative term is added to the classical Pear-Verhulst model. This term permits to control the velocity of propagation of a population by spatial diffusion. With low value of the diffusion coefficient, the population front is followed by a spatial uniform concentration of the population. For higher values of the diffusion coeflicient bifircations then chaos appear in the spatial structure of the population. This is what we already called a "diffusive chaos" (Dubois, 1996, 1998). Secondly, this second order Pearl-Verhulst can show either the classical chaos either a strange attractor similar to Hénon's attractor (1976). The final states in the bifurcation depends on the initial conditions : this system has a memory of its initial conditions, and the system goes to different attraction basins. Thirdly, the nutrients N - population P interaction model is complicated in adding an intermediate state P* for the population : P* is the satiated population and only non satiated population P can take nutrients. Surprisingly, such an ecosystem has memory but also anticipatory properties similar to the incursive model of the Pearl-Verhulst given before (Dubois, 1996). Such a system depends on the initial conditions and show a strange attractor similar to the Hénon attractor. Fri, 11 Oct 2024 09:44:35 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=4432 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=790 The goal of the paper is to manifest a special arrow diagram logic developed in mathematical category theory as capable to provide a general specification framework for information system engineering. We show that, unexpectedly, abstract ideas developed in categorical logic are of extremely high relevance for approaching some difficult specification problems in the field. Correspondingly, the arrow thinking underlying the diagram logic is suggested as a working way of thinking in information system engineering. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 13:57:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=790 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=797 Recent trends in multi-agent ITS can be split in a movement away from the traditional ITS architecture consisting of modules (i.e., the expert, student, and instructional modules) and a movement towards looking at the process (i.e., planning, monitoring, and diagnosing). The strong idea as a core assumption for this second approach is that the term "cognitive agent" can be described as an agent that learns in the same way as people learns. So, focus is put both on learning protocols and mutant processes within a new paradigm for cognitive agents: the Systemion (Systemic Daemon). Systemions are designed as agents that powerfully increase their knowledge by learning from other and agents that assume their survival by joining two unique properties of the living systems: replication and evolution. Life cycle in systemions is self-controlled by two concurrent mechanisms - first, a reproduction system, continuously modified by a learning algorithm, is used to fertilize the cloning of a "child" agent into a given lineage; - second, selective genetic algorithms act as a mutant processes to create new fathers of an improved lineage. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 13:58:13 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=797 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=804 This approach presents a possible solution to the stability-plasticity dilemma in incremental neural networks with a local insertion criterion. The main advantages are I) the capability of life-long learning, i.e., learning throughout the entire lifetime of a neural network, ii) stability in a stationary environment and iii) plasticity in a non-stationary environment, but only if the current knowledge does not fit the need of the task. Thus, the network structures its internal representation not like a copy of the environment but in order to fulfill the current task. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 13:58:45 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=804 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=811 Anticipatory Modelling and Computing (AMC) can be seen as a Systems Science. This approach will place AMC in an Anticipatory Dynamic Web (ADW) of systems concepts. Those concepts and their relations will help guiding further learning and research concerning AMC. Further, the Anticipatory Loop will explain the cyclical character of anticipatory activities. A Multimodal approach may increase the accuracy of anticipatory predictions. At last, the design of an Anticipatory Computer Laboratory is given. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 13:59:16 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=811 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=818 This paper seeks to introduce the ARTMAP family of artificial neural networks as a mathematical theory for modelling work motivation. A new type of construction of psychometric scales based on Fuzzy ART modules is proposed. Psychological relations are modelled with the ARTMAP processing mechanism. Two variations - Fuzzy and Fusion are evaluated with respect to a psychological database. The results achieved are preliminary, but give clear indication of the method's potential. Due to the high precision, capacity for individualisation of the information, and better use of the raw data by Fusion ARTMAP, it can be of much help in organizational research. More specifically, human resources management may benefit from the opportunity to use computer simulations of on-going human interaction processes. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:00:00 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=818 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=824 Current semi-automated theorem provers are often advertised as "mathematical assistant systems". However, these tools behave too passively and in a stereotypic way to meet this ambitious goal because they lack the capability to adequately take into account requirements on proof search control and user demands for their own actions. Motivated by this deficit, we have incorporated several facilities into the DMEGA proof development system that anticipate a number of divergent factors, based on mathematical knowledge, proof search defaults, and expectations about users. The techniques enhance the system's functionality through proof planning by knowledge-intensive methods, proof search guidance by default suggesting agents, and proof presentation by redundancy avoidance measures. The system's behavior suggests that anticipation is without doubt a central driving force in a mathematical assistant. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:00:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=824 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=842 Assuming that a useful representation of anticipatory systems must be able to take into account a hierarchy of conceptual and physical processes, the paper discusses how the principle of hierarchy and modularity are incorporated in a specific simulation software system. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:01:00 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=842 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=845 This paper deals with a singular comportment of an incursive algorithm. This algorithm has been primary developed to optimise a production process. It is closed to classical genetic algorithms because it uses these major stages determination of n random solutions, evaluation of the solutions (in our case with the simulation of production process), selection of the best solution and reproduction according to the biologic rules of crossing over. Nevertheless the differences between this algorithm and a classical genetic algorithm are : the use of incursion in the selection's stage and the singularity of the reproduction stage. The algorithm enables indeed to optimise the system configuration by optimising the laws of reproduction. The "crossing over" becomes a specific case among huge other configurations. Despite we expect that the algorithm will be able to adapt his reproduction laws to the specificity of the system studied, the comportment of the optimisation, due to the use of incursion is unexpected and unfortunately unable to solve our production matter. Nevertheless this comportment is very interesting to study the consequences of the use of incursion with a genetic algorithm. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:01:30 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=845 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=851 This paper is written from an energy stance on the ground that energy is the universal substrate of the dynamical universe. The first part is about the dynamical structure of natural systems, whose origins are traced to their evolutionary character. A distinction is made between the ways in which energy is transformed in the process of cosmic evolution and the ways it is distributed in local contexts. The second part is given to philosophical considerations of some of the points raised in the first part. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:02:13 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=851 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=857 I have defined (Garnier-Malet, 1997) the fundamental movement of doubling which transforms any initial system into anticipatory (Rosen, 1985) embedded (Dubois, 1996 and 1997) systems. I have demonstrated that six levels of embedding are necessary in the initial system which is the zero level during its transformation. Each level has its observer. With scalings of transformation' s-spaces and times, each level is a zero level. During the doubling transformation the initial observer cannot observe the other observers. But, at the end of the transformation which is always the beginning of another transformation, the initial and the third observers, then the third and the sixth observers, exchange their space's and time's perception.·These exchanges are the only way for the initial observer to know and anticipate the consequences of an experience of embedded systems before having time to realise it in the initial system and, above all, without modifying this initial space. The perception's exchange·of the observers must be the consequences of this necessity at the end of the transformation. These exchanges imply three speeds of doubling which I have calculated. They are necessary at the end to juxtapose the six embedded levels in the initial system which must be necessarily one ten-dimensional space. We shall see that this implication is as fundamental as the movement of doubling. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:02:38 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=857 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=860 The stochastic dynamical system with the states described by elements u of a Hilbert space is considered. There is a deterministic system considered as its nonperturbed variant. An outcome y is observed under random perturbations. The probability distribution P(y, u) of the measurements results in the fixed states u is analysed. A class of stochastic systems marked by the full determination of the law P(y, u) via equations of the nonperturbed system is found. We also find the distributions P(y, u). These distributions prove to be similar to the quantum laws of probability distribution of observable quantities including the principles of superposition and uncertainty and the phenomenon of quantization. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:03:02 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=860 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=867 The paradigm of dynamical systems as frame of description has been extremely successful for a variety of controlled systems. The ingredients of such an approach are an (assumed or known) fixed number of degrees of freedom, a phase space, state variables, and a (usually differential) equation of motion governing the temporal evolution of the system, or its movement in phase space along certain trajectories. Our focus of investigation are forest ecosystems. We will argue that they constitute a kind of system which does not belong to this class. The presence of memory effects and evolutionary processes demonstrate that the local history of these systems, embedded in an environment which is also partially created by them, is of utmost importance. There is no phase space for these systems. We therefore conjecture to characterize the system by its input-output mapping, considering it as a filter. Properties of this filter are quantified by time series analysis tools, identifying relevant time scales, correlations, periodicities, recurrences and other temporal structures. We show examples from hydrology and solution chemistry. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:03:28 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=867 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=871 Time is relational to the act of reading a clock in one way or another. Any relative motion can serve as a clock to the third party who reads it. and time is associated with an attribute of the act of the reading. Interacting material bodies can be seen as a set of interacting local clocks, in which the act of reading one clock constantly serves as an impetus for moving others. This observation dispenses with Newtonian absolute time that has no relation to anything external. Materialistic underpinning of the clock-time complex can be attempted within the framework of quantum mechanics, in which a distinction between quantum entanglement and measurement internal to quantum mechanics is noted. Quantum entanglement as a form of phase dynamics is responsible for moving a clock, while internal measurement implemented as amplitude dynamics dealing with exchange of a quantum particle between interacting bodies induces the act of reading the clock. Interacting material bodies constitute a sticky nebula of nested local clocks. If the most encompassing clock is conceivable that can be read by the other outside but does not react upon others, time read out of the clock can be referred to by all of the other nested local clocks as being objective. The feasibility of such an encompassing clock is upon the likelihood of a heat sink conceivable within quantum mechanics cum thermodynamics. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:03:55 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=871 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=876 Analysis and forecasting of the behaviour of a complex natural system represented by a non-numerical time series of the system's atomic activities is considered within an objective framework of discrete event systems and processes. The presented approach is based on a hierarchy of events introduced through context-dependent event-to-event operations and to illustrate it, a simple example is included. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:04:25 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=876 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=882 In this paper, we introduce and investigate transforms mapping the space of continuous signals into the space of discrete signals. These transforms map the derivative of an arbitrary order into the forward, the backward, and the average difference. The introduced transforms permit to derive discrete modells for continuous time systems described by differential equations. Since a transform mapping the derivatives into the average differences is provided, modeling of continuous time systems by computing anticipatory systems is included. Application of introduced transforms is illustrated by deriving the discrete modells for harmonic oscillators. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:04:59 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=882 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=890 This paper presents a study of the complexity of Fourier Decision Diagrams on finite Non-Abelian Groups (FNADDs) for representation of discrete functions. FNADDs are introduced as a generalization of Spectral transform decision diagrams. They are offered as a solution for depth reduction problem in DDs representations of discrete functions. This study is intended to prove experimentally basic features of FNADDs. It is performed through some examples showing complexity of FNADDs for switching and multiple-output switching functions. Comparison with some other decision diagrams is provided. It is shown that FNADDs are very efficient in representation of algebraic functions. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:05:25 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=890 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=898 The meaning of "Eigenbehaviour" is discussed under a philosophical and a mathematical point of view. We show that Eigenbehaviour characterises the turbulent behaviour of a fluid modelled by the Navier Stokes equations. Eigenbehaviour is therefore a concept that can be understood in the frame of deterministic systems Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:05:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=898 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=903 We consider two examples of extended media under the influence of additive noise: a coupled stochastic oscillators and spatial nonlinear lattice which contains overdamped oscillators. In both systems role of the additive noise is crucial. In the first system additive noise increases signal to noise ratio, resulting in stochastic resonance. In the second system additive noise causes phase transition manifesting itself in the formation of ordered spatial patterns. Surprisingly, we find parallels between two phenomena considered. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:06:14 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=903 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=908 In this paper a new non-linear formulation of the flexible-link manipulator dynamics is presented. The proposed formulation is specially suitable for the solution of the inverse dynamics problem by successive approximations. In particular the path of the nominal rigid-link manipulator is modified by adding the elastic displacements and rotations that are obtained from the proposed mathematical model. Moreover the proposed method allows to use the current notations of the rigid-link manipulator kinematics and the calculation schemes familiar in the finite element method to model the links and the loads. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:06:56 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=908 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=915 This communication develops the particularities of the"heat-entropy" which are related with the chaotic behaviour of the heat in opposition with the other kinds of energies which are polarized and well directed. By means of a fast survey of every technical domains which are stretched from the Thermodynamic to the Linguistic, including a large range of scientific disciplines related with Systems Theory, we shall discover the usefulness and power of the topic "Entropy" or "Neguentropy" to show the common influence of chaotical seeds in our surrounding. This "entropic" point of view allows a gain for the forecasting. the analysis and the understanding of a lot of events, designs and actions because increase of homogeneity. Neguentropical sight is anavoidably lying in the basement of every teaching _ learning and anticipatitive procedure. Indeed it is always very useful to develop a tool for the highlighting of behavioral analogy between many very various phenomena because it leads to more homogeneous planification in the forecasting procedures and it permits to save much time and a lot of thoughts by their modelings. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:07:22 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=915 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=920 In real condition, elements form sets whose delimitation is vague, thus defining fuzzy sets in Zadeh's acception or fluids sets according to Gentilhomme's definition. Any system characterized by uncontrollability and disorder in which the least changed in its status at a certain moment rapidly leads to important changes in the status measured at a later moment can be defined as a chaotic system. The interdisciplinary study of chaotic system has become a science of complexity or the science of the chaos. Science has always searched the order in a chaotic universe and the science of the chaos uses a geometry named fractal; fractals are defined as a form at which fractal dimension surpassed its topologic dimension or as any form at which the parts have as many details as the whole or as forms which are strictly self-similar and not statistically self-similar. The notion of information necessary involves the notion of order and the notion of order involves the rationality of system as through the relation information shows how rationally organized the elements of the system are and what rational functionality they fulfill within the order which defines the system. By introducing the concept of structural-diachronic cell associate whit the elementary amount of information (the bit) the paper interprets the concept of information in a fractal manner of maximal generality, in the sense that any fraction of the bit is a bit in itself, the structural-diachronic cells being strictly self similar. The fractal interpretation of the concept of information is the theoretical support of the Basis of Universal Knowledge Similar to the human brain. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:07:58 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=920 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=925 This paper deals with the stochastic adaptive linear quadratic optimal control problems which have been an active area of research for many years. It has been known that these problems could be treated by dynamic programming. However, it has been conceded that explicit solution of the dynamic programming equations for these problems is generally not possible and that numerical solution of these equations is a difficult computational procedure. This has led to many approximation techniques. In the paper, a variational approach is used to obtain optimality conditions for the stochastic linear quadratic adaptive control problems. These conditions lead to an algorithm for computing optimal control laws which differs from the dynamic programming algorithm. If the unknown parameters enter into the state equation additively, and the prior distribution of the unknown parameters is normal, the algorithm can be carried out in closed form. The examples are given to illustrate the proposed technique. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:08:23 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=925 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=930 Some aspects of the Internet impact on the systems control are presented in this paper. Particularly will be discussed the influence on industrial process control and expert systems life cycle The Internet affected the industrial process control in several ways although this field is very conservative. Internet changes development and usage of the control software Development, implementation as well as maintenance of the control software are faster and cheaper. The Internet capabilities are additional features of the process control system. They expand possibilities of some process control systems and made them more efficient and attractive for the end users. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 14:08:45 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=930 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=355 Mon, 24 Jun 2024 16:28:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=355