http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=672 Index terms fr 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1068 Typically, we think of both artificial and natural computing devices as following rules that allow them to alter their behaviour (output) according to their environment (input). This approach works well when the environment and goals are well defined and regular. However, 1) the search time for appropriate solutions quickly becomes intractable when the input is not fairly regular, and 2) responses may be required that are not computable, either in principle, or given the computational resources available to the system. It may seem that there is no way to deal with these conditions, but if we think of systems as dynamical nonequilibrium autonomous entities, there are ways to deal with the unexpected and irregular by taking advantage of self-organising and self-preserving capacities of such systems. A generalised force acting on a system far from equilibrium will cause the system to reorganise itself in the direction of the generalised force in such a way as to minimise its effects (Nicolis and Prigogine, 1977), but there can be unpredictable effects in different generalised directions in the system's phase space. In order to preserve system integrity, these effects must be damped or used for further self-reorganisation, possibly starting a cascade effect that leaves the system in a substantially different state in which it can handle further instances of this sort of information. This model is similar to and extends the theoretical model of accommodation and assimilation of Piaget, derived from his observations of the development of intelligence in children. Fri, 05 Jul 2024 11:19:46 +0200 Mon, 07 Oct 2024 15:28:41 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=1068 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3708 Models exist in many forms; many of these go beyond the level of words, or communicable systems. The recognition of models goes even beyond what we consciously know. The basis of modelling can be sought in Languaging, as many authors have done (Grinder & Bandier, 1975). They can even be identified in the dynamic organisation of our neurones, as more recent work has shown (Maturana & Varela, 1980). That being the case, the inherent cross-interaction of the models we make, and the system in which we make them, is an issue to be considered. It calls for an understanding of our body (and neurones) not as a computing machine, but as information processor in a more 'rarefied' (and extended) sense than science can yet show, within the limitations that Cultural Consensus imposes. As long as these human limits to human-made models are ignored, we can't get beyond to perceive reality as it is: our models, conditioning our mind, will be (culturally conditioned) unconsciously in our way. This paper proposes reconsideration from first principles, by showing a relationship between Space, Time, Energy and Consciousness which help to get to the basis of the models we make, beyond the forms they can take. Thu, 26 Sep 2024 10:54:02 +0200 Thu, 26 Sep 2024 10:54:17 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3708 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3538 This paper briefly reviews the concepts of observer and emergence as used in modern scientific disciplines. By using these concepts we outline the research devoted to modelling and managing behaviours of Collective Beings, emergent from the same agents simultaneously interacting in different ways. Collective Beings are systems in which each interacting component can simultaneously belong to different systems. The DYnamic uSAge of Models (DYSAM) is then introduced as a tool to model and manage Collective Beings, by using different disciplinary types and levels of description. Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:16:50 +0200 Tue, 24 Sep 2024 11:16:58 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3538 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=381 La prophétie est un très ancien rêve de l'humanité : le désir de connaître l'avenir et, si possible, d'en changer le cours, est irrésistible depuis l'homme des cavernes et les chamans et est toujours présent parmi nous, depuis les cartomanciennes, les devins et les astrologues jusqu'aux planificateurs en économie et auteurs de science fiction. Il y a cependant de nombreuses limitations à l'anticipation et à l'action. Elles sont fondamentalement de deux espèces : - celles inhérentes à la nature profonde de l'évolution naturelle de n'importe quelle situation - celles qui résultent de nos propres limitations comme observateurs, en relation avec nos capacités perceptives et d'apprentissage, et aussi comme constructeurs de modèles et acteurs. Ce travail présente un survol rapide de ces divers aspects. Prophecy is a very old dream of mankind: the desire to know the future and, if possible, to twist the course of future events is overwhelming since cavemen and shamans and is still very much with us, from fortune tellers, astrologers and soothsayers to economic planners and science fiction novelists. There are however many limits to anticipation, and subsequent action. They seem to be basically of two classes : - those inherent to the deep nature of natural evolution of all kinds of situations - those related to our own limitations as observing systems, i.e. as perceivers, learners, modellers and actors. This papers presents a short overview of these topics. Wed, 26 Jun 2024 12:31:42 +0200 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 17:00:10 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=381