ecosystem http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=602 Index terms fr 0 An Algebraic Description of Development of Hierarchy http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2842 We propose an algebraic description of emergence of new levels in trophic level networks. Trophic level networks are described by directed graphs. Their properties are surveyed in terms of an adjunction on a subcategory of the category of directed graphs. In particular, it is shown that trophic level networks are invariant under the composition of the right adjoin functor and the left adjoin functor. This invariance of trophic level networks can be broken by introducing the notion of time into the left adjoint functor. This leads to changes in trophic level networks. We show that the left adjoin functor consists of an intra-level process and an inter-level process. An inconsistency between them arises by the introduction of time. Negotiation between the intra-level process and the inter-level process can resolve the inconsistency at a level, however, a new inconsistency can arises at an emerged new level. Thus our algebraic description can follow indefinite development of trophic hierarchy. Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:22:17 +0200 Tue, 03 Sep 2024 15:22:26 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2842 Ecological Crisis as Ordinary Evolutionary Events Canalised by the Biosphere http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=600 Evolutionary events at different levels of life organisation are interrelated to each other and as well as to panbiospheric processes. Out of several general statements and mechanisms discussed above, we would like to specially note the following : the paradigm of autocanalisation, an ecocentric concept of macroevolution, a license-ecosystem approach, the hypothesis of embryosphere and, at last, a physico-ecological model of biospheric evolution. Ecological crises within the framework of our approaches are just ordinary evolutionary events of biospheric evolution autocanalised by the biosphere itself under the inconstant exogenous conditions on the planet. Fri, 28 Jun 2024 14:12:34 +0200 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 14:12:43 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=600