http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2230 Index terms fr 0 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3385 Limnology is young and quite closed field developed by several hundreds of scientists. International Society of Limnologists is holding meetings since 1922. Proceedings of meetings were used to find out principal stages of history of this science (rapid and calm periods). The simulation model of limnology development was built on the basis of such analysis. Every scientist can generate with some probability new ideas and elaborate existing ones. The model includes as parameters the properties of scientists and surroundings (age, experience, level of contacts between scientists, etc). After the model was tuned experiments with different parameters was made. They demonstrate level of contacts influences most strongly on rapidity of the science development. Mon, 16 Sep 2024 12:00:40 +0200 Mon, 16 Sep 2024 12:00:51 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=3385 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2228 Experience of evolutionary simulation is described in the article. The first presented program simulates the macroevolution of Chordata animals inside the space with different environments. Darwinian regulations of mutating and competition were set at the initial program version, but the model shows this is not enough to explain known particularities of biological evolution. Another model demonstrates that the evolutionary stability of species is a consequence of prohibitions on some types of evolutionary modifications. Our new simulation uses alike principles as the above but this model concerns the evolution of the human ethno-populations. The central feature, which distinguishes the man evolution from other cases, is that the interaction between man-populations and environment is controlled by human culture. Tue, 30 Jul 2024 15:10:40 +0200 Tue, 30 Jul 2024 15:10:50 +0200 http://popups.lib.uliege.be/1373-5411/index.php?id=2228